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How to use php sprintf function

Mar 30, 2021 am 10:46 AM
php

sprintf()是PHP中的内置函数,可以用于把字符串进行多种类型的格式化,然后返回已格式化的字符串;在处理xml数据格式时,需要用到该函数来格式化。语法格式“sprintf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++)”。

How to use php sprintf function

本教程操作环境:windows7系统、PHP7.1版,DELL G3电脑

PHP sprintf() 函数

sprintf() 函数把格式化的字符串写入一个变量中。

  • 用处:把字符串进行多种类型的格式化

  • 用于:处理xml数据格式时,需要用到他来格式化等等

arg1、arg2、++ 参数将被插入到主字符串中的百分号(%)符号处。该函数是逐步执行的。在第一个 % 符号处,插入 arg1,在第二个 % 符号处,插入 arg2,依此类推。

注释:如果 % 符号多于 arg 参数,则您必须使用占位符。占位符被插入到 % 符号之后,由数字和 "\$" 组成。

语法:

sprintf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++)
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How to use php sprintf function

返回值:返回已格式化的字符串。

示例:

<?php
$str1="1234";
echo sprintf("hello%s","$str1");
//效果为: hello1234
?>
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这什么意思呢

要点:

%s = %符号和后面属性符号(s)总称为插入标记组合,也就是把后面准备进行格式化的值($str1)替换在这个位置

hello = 这个单词就是很多人蒙蔽的地方,告诉你这个什么代表也没有,就单纯的代表一个hello,用于分割或者修饰用,一般用[ %s ]、<%s>这样格式化出来后就直接在标签里

记住,一个%标记符后面只有一个类型属性(比如s),s是什么上面有,以字符串的方式格式化

那么多个值怎么格式化一起呢?

看:

<?php
$a="abcdef";
$b="abcdef";
$c="1234";
echo sprintf("%1\$s%2\$s",$c,$a);
//效果为: 1234abcdef
?>
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%s为一个标记,两个%s%s这样写却是错误的,每个%s必须标记键位,不然我怎么知道都代表格式化后面的哪个$str呢,所以有个特别的语法

%1\$%2\$ 解释:%1表示格式化sprintf("%1\$%2\$",&#39;&#39;$str1","$str2")中对应的$str1,那么%2自然表示格式化$str2,\$是代表有多个值准备格式化,所以每个%1和%2或者还有%3的标记后都要加这个符号代表一行中有多个标记,如果只有一个标记就不用\$了占位符了,记住$str2、$str3是可选,也就是可以不格式化这么多

讲个特殊的例子

<?php
$a="abcdef";
$b="abcdef";
$c="1234";
echo sprintf("%&#39;x13.2f",$c);
// 效果为:xxxxxx1234.00
//echo sprintf("%06.2f", $a);
?>
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sprintf("%&#39;x13.2f",$c);是什么意思,f是浮点数,第一步按照格式 % &#39;(补位值) 宽度值 格式化类型 这三部分,语法之间必须紧挨着不能用空格

必须解释一下何为补位值:就是设定的宽度超出了,用这个值来填上

解释一下,补位值只有设置宽度超出了目标值才能用

所以就是用x补位,13为总宽度,2为小数点后的宽度,f为格式化类型,别急我会解释

&#39; 号(单引号)代表接下来要用补位类型

为什么他能识别x是补位值呢,因为前面有 &#39; 号,

为什么他能识别哪几位是哪种类型呢,他是这样识别的,按顺序从先从两头的字符开始识别是什么类型,补位值肯定是单数位,不可能一个位置补两个数吧,所以左边第一位x是补位值,右边第一位是格式化类型,然后中间的自然是宽度值

第二,为什么小数点 后还有一个属性 ,因为这是f(浮点型),必须设置小数点后有几位,不能小数后面不能设置了吧,那浮点数意义何在呢

不要觉得烦,每个例子都是浓缩出来的

整数补位:

<?php
$a="abcdef";
$b="abcdef";
$c="1234";
echo sprintf("%&#39;07s",$c);
//结果是:0001234
?>
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这就是整数补位,还是一样
第一步按照格式 % &#39;(补位值) 宽度值 格式化类型 这三部分

0是补位值 7是宽度值 s自然是格式化类型

还有一种最重要的例子

<?php
$a="abcdef";
$b="abcdef";
$c="1234";
echo sprintf("[%-6s]",$c);       //结果是:[1234 ]
echo sprintf("[%-4s]",$c);       //结果是:[1234]
echo sprintf("[%4.2s]",$c);       //结果是:[ 12]
?>
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这个第一步 [ ] 仅仅只是修饰,不用理解

第二步,没有 ' 号,证明没有补位,无需添加补位值

所以语法格式为 : %    宽度值  格式化类型  这两部分

第一二行解释如下:

第一个宽度为6,但是$c=1234 ,只有4个字符,所以宽度不够,所以右边自动扩充(扩充再多也只显示一个空格位置),为什么在右边扩充,因为宽度前有个 - 号,代表补位方向相反,如在补位值前加-,自然从右边开始补位

下面为什么没变化,因为宽度正好一致,只是补位的方向改变了

第三行解释如下:

Don't be fooled, the syntax structure is still the same % Width value Format type These two parts

There is no ' sign, which proves that there is no padding and there is no need to add padding value

So 4.2 is still the same It’s the width value

, but the 4 on the left of the decimal point represents the total width, and the 2 on the right represents that only 2 digits are displayed, so there are two more vacancies, so two vacancies are expanded from the left, why is only one space displayed in the previous paragraph? I said it, let’s say it again, no matter how much expansion is done, only one space will be displayed. By default, start from the left

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