What are the characteristics of machine language, assembly language, and high-level language?

Characteristics of machine language: difficult to learn, difficult to understand, difficult to understand; no universality; requires manual allocation of memory; fastest running speed. The characteristics of assembly language: the execution efficiency of the program is very high, it takes up little storage space, and it runs fast; it lacks versatility and the program is not easy to transplant. Characteristics of high-level languages: easy, certain versatility, and cannot be directly recognized and executed by computers.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Machine language

Machine language is an instruction set system. It is a language expressed in binary code. It is the only language that a computer can directly It is a language for recognition and execution. It has the advantages of direct execution by computers, simplicity, and fast operation speed. However, it is not intuitive and is very error-prone. It is difficult to check and debug the program. In addition, it is also very dependent on the machine.

Features:

• Difficult to learn, difficult to understand, difficult to understand.

  Machine language program is composed of a series of instruction codes, which are composed of hexadecimal numbers. There is no connection between it and the function to be realized.

• No universality.

  Machine language is the most direct and primitive language, which is completely dependent on a specific computer system.

• Requires manual allocation of memory

  The machine language program and all the parameters it needs to use during operation, like high-level languages, need to be stored in the memory of the host. However, where exactly they are stored in the memory and how to arrange them reasonably needs to be manually determined by the programmer based on the specific conditions of the system and program under the computer.

• The fastest running speed

  Machine language is the only language that the computer can recognize and directly produce effects. It does not need to go through the compilation process, and the execution speed is very fast. It is a high-level language hundreds of times.
  

• Save memory space

• More complete functions
  

  Functions that machine language can complete, advanced Language may not necessarily be able to achieve it; the functions that high-level languages ​​can achieve can also be achieved with machine language.

• Can be used to design extended functions

Assembly language

Assembly language is a machine-oriented programming language. It is designed to solve the shortcomings of machine language that is difficult to understand and remember. It uses names and symbols that are easy to understand and remember to represent the operation codes in machine instructions. In this way, symbols are used to replace the binary code of machine language. It turns machine language into assembly language; so assembly language is also called symbolic language.

Programs written in assembly language cannot be directly recognized by the machine. A program is required to translate the assembly language into machine language. This translation program is called an assembler. The assembler is a language processor in the system software. system software. The process of translating assembly language into machine language by the assembler is called assembly.

Features:

• Mnemonic instructions correspond to machine instructions one-to-one. Programs written in assembly language are highly efficient, take up little storage space, and run quickly. Assembly language can write optimized programs and reflect the actual operation of the computer.

• Programming is more difficult than high-level languages. Because assembly language is machine-oriented, programmers must have a fairly in-depth understanding of computers to use assembly language to program.

• Assembly language can directly deal with memory and interface circuits, and can also apply for interrupts. Therefore, assembly language programs can directly manage and control hardware devices.

• Lacks versatility and the program is not easy to transplant. The assembly language of different computers cannot be used universally, because they each have their own assembly language suitable for the characteristics of their own models. However, mastering the assembly language of one computer will help you learn the assembly language of other computers.

High-level language

High-level language provides users with a language that is close to natural language and can use mathematics Expressions are also relatively independent of how the machine works. Like assembly language, machines cannot directly execute programs written in high-level languages.

High-level languages ​​have stronger expression capabilities, can easily express data operations and program control structures, can better describe various algorithms, and are easy to learn and master. However, the program code generated by its compilation is generally longer than the program code designed in assembly language, and the execution speed is also slower.

Features:

• Close to natural language and mathematical language, easy for people to master;

• Independent of machines, with Certain versatility;

• Computers cannot directly recognize and execute programs written in high-level languages;

• Programs written in high-level languages ​​are greatly improved Improve writing efficiency.

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