How to check hard disk information in Linux

View method: 1. Use the "df -h" command; 2. Use the "lsblk" command; 3. Use the "sudo lshw -class disk" command; 4. Use the "fdisk -l" command; 5 , use the "cat /proc/partitions" command; 6. Use the "lsscsi" command.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1 system, Dell G3 computer.

Multiple hard drives can be installed in one computer. Let’s study how to view all hard drive information in Linux. Two hard drives have been added to the system, and the second one has not been formatted or mounted.

1. Use the df

The df command is used to check the usage of the hard disk in the file system. It can also be used to list the hard disks mounted in the system. Use the -h option to output hard disk usage in a human-readable format:

~$ df -h
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2        55G  3.7G   49G    8% /
udev            2.0G  4.0K  2.0G    1% /dev
tmpfs           394M  776K  394M    1% /run
none            5.0M     0  5.0M    0% /run/lock
none            2.0G  220K  2.0G    1% /run/shm
/dev/sda1       487M  3.3M  483M    1% /boot/efi

The df command cannot display unmounted hard disks.

2. Use lsblk

The lsblk command is used to view block devices:

$ lsblk 
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0    60G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   487M  0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2   8:2    0  55.5G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0     4G  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0    50G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

Without parameters, all hard disks will be listed. Nodes represent hard disks, and secondary nodes represent partitions on the disk. Use the -d option to list only the hard disk and not the partition information.

3. Use lshw

lshw to print detailed hardware information:

$ sudo lshw -class disk
  *-disk:0
       description: SCSI Disk
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@32:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/sda
       size: 60GiB (64GB)
       capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
       configuration: guid=ff481b67-ace2-47b9-a7e8-a50d4e6a6e55
  *-disk:1
       description: SCSI Disk
       physical id: 0.1.0
       bus info: scsi@32:0.1.0
       logical name: /dev/sdb
       size: 50GiB (53GB)
  *-cdrom
       description: DVD-RAM writer
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/cdrom
       logical name: /dev/cdrw
       logical name: /dev/dvd
       logical name: /dev/dvdrw
       logical name: /dev/sr0
       capabilities: audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
       configuration: status=open

4. Use fdisk

fdisk is a commonly used partition table manipulation tool used to format hard disks, partitions, etc., and can be used to print hard disk information:

$ sudo fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders, total 125829120 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
   设备 启动      起点          终点     块数   Id  系统
/dev/sda1               1   125829119    62914559+  ee  GPT
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders, total 104857600 sectors
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

The fdisk tool does not support GPT partition tables, you can use GNU Parted as follows Parted tool replacement.

5. Use /proc/partitions

You can view some information about the current hard disk and partitions by viewing the contents of the /proc/partitions file:

$ cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name
   8        0   62914560 sda
   8        1     498688 sda1
   8        2   58221568 sda2
   8        3    4192256 sda3
   8       16   52428800 sdb
  11        0    1048575 sr0

6. Use the lsscsi

lsscsi tool to print SCSI hard disk information. This tool is not installed by default in Ubuntu12.04 and needs to be installed by yourself:

$ lsscsi 
[3:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00  /dev/sr0
[32:0:0:0]   disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sda
[32:0:1:0]   disk    VMware,  VMware Virtual S 1.0   /dev/sdb

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