Where is the program for managing basic input and output devices located?

The basic program for managing input and output devices is placed in "ROM". The data stored in the read-only memory ROM is generally written in advance before being installed into the whole machine. It can only be read out during the operation of the whole machine, and cannot be rewritten quickly and conveniently like random access memory. ROM is generally used as firmware to store some hardware drivers.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

In a microcomputer system, the basic program for managing input and output devices is placed in ROM.

Read-Only Memory (ROM) works in a non-destructive readout mode and can only read information but cannot write it. Once the information is written, it is fixed and will not be lost even if the power is turned off, so it is also called fixed memory. The data stored in ROM is usually written before being loaded into the whole machine. It can only be read out during the operation of the whole machine. Unlike random access memory, the stored content can be rewritten quickly and conveniently. The data stored in ROM is stable and will not change after a power outage. It has a simple structure and is easy to use, so it is often used to store various fixed programs and data.

The characteristic of read-only memory is that it can only read information but cannot write information. Usually, a basic input/output system is solidified in the ROM of the computer motherboard, called BIOS (Basic Input Output System). Its main function is to complete the power-on self-test of the system, initialization of each functional module in the system, basic input/output driver of the system and boot operating system.

Scope of use

Because ROM has the characteristic of not losing information after power failure, it can be used as the BIOS chip for computer startup. EPROM, EEPROM and Flash ROM (NOR Flash and NAND Flash) have the same performance as ROM, but can be rewritten. Generally, reading is faster than writing. Writing requires a higher voltage than reading (reading 5V and writing 12V), but Flash can be read at the same voltage. It has large capacity and low cost, and is widely used in MP3 disks such as USB flash drives. In computer systems, RAM is generally used as memory, and ROM is generally used as firmware to store some hardware drivers.

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