Css method to implement three-column layout: 1. float floating layout; 2. absolute positioning layout; 3. flexbox elastic layout, which has compatibility issues on IE and can only support IE9 and above; 4. table table layout , which is not conducive to search engines crawling information; 5. Grid layout has poor compatibility.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, CSS3&&HTML5 version, Dell G3 computer.
Three-column layout, as the name suggests, is fixed on both sides and adaptive in the middle. Three-column layout is very common in actual development. For example, the homepage of Taobao is a typical three-column layout: the product navigation on the left and the navigation on the right have fixed widths, and the main content in the middle adapts to the width of the browser.
We might as well assume such a layout: the height is known, the width of the left column and the right column are each 300px, and the middle is adaptive. How many methods can be achieved? And what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
1. Floating layout
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Layout</title>
<style media="screen">
html * {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.layout article div {
min-height: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--浮动布局 -->
<section class="layout float">
<style media="screen">
.layout.float .left {
float: left;
width: 300px;
background: red;
}
.layout.float .center {
background: yellow;
}
.layout.float .right {
float: right;
width: 300px;
background: blue;
}
</style>
<h1>三栏布局</h1>
<article class="left-right-center">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div> // 右栏部分要写在中间内容之前
<div class="center">
<h2>浮动解决方案</h2>
1.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 2.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 3.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 4.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 5.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 6.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案；
</div>
</article>
</section>
</body>
</html>In this layout method, the DOM structure must write the floating part first, and then the middle block, otherwise the right The floating block will drop to the next line.
The advantage of floating layout is that it is relatively simple and has better compatibility. However, floating layout has limitations. Floating elements are out of the document flow and need to be cleared. If this is not handled well, it will cause many problems, such as the height of the parent container collapsing.
2. Absolute positioning layout
<!--绝对布局 -->
<section class="layout absolute">
<style>
.layout.absolute .left-center-right>div{
position: absolute;//三块都是绝对定位
}
.layout.absolute .left {
left:0;
width: 300px;
background: red;
}
.layout.absolute .center {
right: 300px;
left: 300px;//离左右各三百
background: yellow;
}
.layout.absolute .right {
right: 0;
width: 300px;
background: blue;
}
</style>
<h1>三栏布局</h1>
<article class="left-center-right">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<h2>绝对定位解决方案</h2>
1.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 2.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 3.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 4.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 5.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 6.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案；
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>The advantage of absolute positioning layout is that it is fast, easy to set up, and not prone to problems. The disadvantage is that the container is separated from the document flow, and the descendant elements are also separated from the document flow. When the height is unknown, there will be problems, which results in the effectiveness and usability of this method being relatively poor.
3. Flexbox layout
<!--flexbox布局-->
<section class="layout flexbox">
<style>
.layout.flexbox .left-center-right{
display: flex;
}
.layout.flexbox .left {
width: 300px;
background: red;
}
.layout.flexbox .center {
background: yellow;
flex: 1;
}
.layout.flexbox .right {
width: 300px;
background: blue;
}
</style>
<h1>三栏布局</h1>
<article class="left-center-right">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<h2>flexbox解决方案</h2>
1.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 2.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 3.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 4.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 5.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 6.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案；
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>Flexbox layout is a new one in css3. It is designed to solve the shortcomings of the above two methods and is relatively perfect. one. Currently, the layout on mobile terminals also uses flexbox. The disadvantage of flexbox is that IE10 starts to support it, but IE10 is in -ms form.
4. Table layout
<!--表格布局-->
<section class="layout table">
<style>
.layout.table .left-center-right {
display: table;
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
}
.layout.table .left-center-right>div {
display: table-cell;
}
.layout.table .left {
width: 300px;
background: red;
}
.layout.table .center {
background: yellow;
}
.layout.table .right {
width: 300px;
background: blue;
}
</style>
<h1>三栏布局</h1>
<article class="left-center-right">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<h2>表格布局解决方案</h2>
1.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 2.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 3.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 4.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 5.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 6.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案；
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>The compatibility of table layout is very good (see the picture below). When flex layout is incompatible, you can try table layout. When the content overflows, it will automatically expand the parent element.
The table layout also has flaws: ① The column margins cannot be set; ② It is not friendly to SEO; ③ When the height of one of the cells exceeds the height, the cells on both sides will also become taller. However, Sometimes this is not the effect we want.
5. Grid Layout
<!--网格布局-->
<section class="layout grid">
<style>
.layout.grid .left-center-right {
display: grid;
width: 100%;
grid-template-columns: 300px auto 300px;
grid-template-rows: 150px;//行高
}
.layout.grid .left {
background: red;
}
.layout.grid .center {
background: yellow;
}
.layout.grid .right {
background: blue;
}
</style>
<h1>三栏布局</h1>
<article class="left-center-right">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="center">
<h2>网格布局解决方案</h2>
1.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 2.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 3.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 4.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 5.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案； 6.这是三栏布局的浮动解决方案；
</div>
<div class="right"></div>
</article>
</section>CSS Grid is the most powerful and simplest tool for creating grid layout. Just like tables, grid layouts allow web designers to align elements in columns or rows, but unlike tables, grid layouts have no content structure, making it impossible for various layouts to be the same as tables. For example, child elements in a grid layout can all position themselves so that they overlap and position similar elements.
But the compatibility of grid layout is not good. Supported on IE10, and only some attributes are supported.
6. Summary
1. Float layout is a layout that is commonly used nowadays. Many portal websites currently use this layout method. You only need to pay attention to it when using it. Clear float.
2. Position layout only directly sets the position of elements based on positioning attributes. I personally feel that it is not suitable for page layout.
3. Table layout is easy to use and there is no problem with compatibility. It is not conducive to search engines to crawl information
4. The flex layout is relatively powerful, but there are still compatibility issues on IE, and it can only be supported up to IE9 and above
5. The grid layout is very powerful, but compatible Sex sucks.
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