What are the php regular replacement functions?
php正则替换函数有:1、preg_replace(),执行一个正则表达式的搜索和替换;2、preg_filter();3、preg_replace_callback();4、preg_replace_callback_array()。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、PHP7.1版,DELL G3电脑
php正则替换函数
1、preg_replace()函数
preg_replace 函数执行一个正则表达式的搜索和替换。
语法
mixed preg_replace ( mixed $pattern , mixed $replacement , mixed $subject [, int $limit = -1 [, int &$count ]] )
搜索 subject 中匹配 pattern 的部分, 以 replacement 进行替换。
参数说明:
$pattern: 要搜索的模式,可以是字符串或一个字符串数组。
$replacement: 用于替换的字符串或字符串数组。
$subject: 要搜索替换的目标字符串或字符串数组。
$limit: 可选,对于每个模式用于每个 subject 字符串的最大可替换次数。 默认是-1(无限制)。
$count: 可选,为替换执行的次数。
返回值
如果 subject 是一个数组, preg_replace() 返回一个数组, 其他情况下返回一个字符串。
如果匹配被查找到,替换后的 subject 被返回,其他情况下 返回没有改变的 subject。如果发生错误,返回 NULL。
示例:
<?php $string = 'google 123, 456'; $pattern = '/(\w+) (\d+), (\d+)/i'; $replacement = 'php ${2},$3'; echo preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $string); ?>
输出:
php 123,456
2、preg_filter()函数
preg_filter 函数用于执行一个正则表达式搜索和替换。
语法
mixed preg_filter ( mixed $pattern , mixed $replacement , mixed $subject [, int $limit = -1 [, int &$count ]] )
preg_filter() 等价于 preg_replace() ,但它仅仅返回与目标匹配的结果。
示例:比较preg_filter() 和preg_replace()
<?php$subject = array('1', 'a', '2', 'b', '3', 'A', 'B', '4'); $pattern = array('/\d/', '/[a-z]/', '/[1a]/'); $replace = array('A:$0', 'B:$0', 'C:$0'); echo "preg_filter 返回值:\n";print_r(preg_filter($pattern, $replace, $subject)); echo "preg_replace 返回值:\n";print_r(preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject)); ?>
输出:
preg_filter 返回值: Array ( [0] => A:C:1 [1] => B:C:a [2] => A:2 [3] => B:b [4] => A:3 [7] => A:4 ) preg_replace 返回值: Array ( [0] => A:C:1 [1] => B:C:a [2] => A:2 [3] => B:b [4] => A:3 [5] => A [6] => B [7] => A:4 )
可以看出 preg_filter 只返回匹配结果,不匹配的直接忽略,而 preg_replace 将不匹配的结果 'A' 'B' 元素也一起返回。
3、preg_replace_callback()函数
preg_replace_callback 函数执行一个正则表达式搜索并且使用一个回调进行替换。
语法
mixed preg_replace_callback ( mixed $pattern , callable $callback , mixed $subject [, int $limit = -1 [, int &$count ]] )
这个函数的行为除了可以指定一个 callback 替代 replacement 进行替换字符串的计算,其他方面等同于 preg_replace()。
参数说明:
$pattern: 要搜索的模式,可以使字符串或一个字符串数组。
$callback: 一个回调函数,在每次需要替换时调用,调用时函数得到的参数是从subject 中匹配到的结果。
$subject: 要搜索替换的目标字符串或字符串数组。
$limit: 可选,对于每个模式用于每个 subject 字符串的最大可替换次数。 默认是-1(无限制)。
$count: 可选,为替换执行的次数。
返回值
如果subject是一个数组, preg_replace_callback()返回一个数组,其他情况返回字符串。 错误发生时返回 NULL。
如果查找到了匹配,返回替换后的目标字符串(或字符串数组), 其他情况subject 将会无变化返回。
示例:
<?php header("Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8"); // 将文本中的年份增加一年. $text = "愚人节是 04/01/2020<br>"; $text.= "去年元旦是 12/24/2019<br>"; // 回调函数 function next_year($matches) { // 通常: $matches[0]是完成的匹配 // $matches[1]是第一个捕获子组的匹配 // 以此类推 return $matches[1].($matches[2]+1); } echo preg_replace_callback( "|(\d{2}/\d{2}/)(\d{4})|", "next_year", $text); ?>
输出:
愚人节是 04/01/2021 去年元旦是 12/24/2020
4、preg_replace_callback_array()函数
preg_replace_callback_array 函数执行一个正则表达式搜索并且使用一个回调进行替换。
语法
mixed preg_replace_callback_array ( array $patterns_and_callbacks , mixed $subject [, int $limit = -1 [, int &$count ]] )
函数类似于 preg_replace_callback(), 但它是基于每个模式匹配来回调函数进行替换。
参数说明:
$patterns_and_callbacks: 关联数组,key(模式) => value(回调函数)
$subject: 要查找的和替换的字符串或数组。
$limit: 可选,每个模式最大的替换次数,默认为 -1(无限制,全部匹配完)。
$count: 可选,指定替换的次数。
返回值
如果 subject 是一个数组返回数组,否则返回字符串。发生错误则返回 NULL。
如果查找到了匹配,返回替换后的目标字符串(或字符串数组), 其他情况 subject 将会无变化返回。
示例:
<?php $subject = 'Aaaaaa Bbb'; preg_replace_callback_array( [ '~[a]+~i' => function ($match) { echo strlen($match[0]), ' matches for "a" found', PHP_EOL; }, '~[b]+~i' => function ($match) { echo strlen($match[0]), ' matches for "b" found', PHP_EOL; } ], $subject ); ?>
输出:
6 matches for "a" found 3 matches for "b" found
说明:
该函数在 PHP7+ 版本支持。
推荐学习:《PHP视频教程》
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