What is the difference between JavaScript and Python?
Difference: 1. Python is used to develop scientific applications, and JS is used for web development, user-oriented functions and server development. 2. Python relies on indentation to define code blocks; JS uses "{}". 3. Python has four basic data types and three numerical types; JS has six primitive data types and two numerical types.
The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, javascript1.8.5&&python3 version, Dell G3 computer.
JavaScript and Python are two very popular and powerful languages, but they have some differences in the use of some syntax. If you happen to be interested in these differences and comparisons, then the content in this article may be useful. To provide you with some help.
In this article, you will learn about:
- Different practical applications of Python and JavaScript.
- Major syntactic and functional differences between Python and JavaScript.
Python VS JavaScript: Differences in Application
Python
Due to its power and versatility, Python has become the most popular language in almost the world An important tool in all scientific applications. It is a general-purpose programming language that supports different programming paradigms.
It is used in a wide range of scientific and professional applications, including data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer science education, computer vision and image processing, medicine, biology, and even astronomy.
In addition, Python is also used for web development, although it is mainly used for back-end development, such as the server side of an application.
JavaScript
Python can be used to develop the back-end part of a web application, but JavaScript can be used to develop both the back-end and the front-end of a web application.
The front end is the part of the application that users see and interact with. Whenever you see or interact with a website or web application, this part of the functionality is what JavaScript does Provided "behind the scenes".
Similarly, when you interact with mobile apps, you are likely to use JavaScript because, like React Frameworks like Native allow us to use JavaScript to write applications that can adapt to different platforms.
JavaScript is so widely used in web development because it is a versatile language that provides us with the tools we need to develop web application components.
Differences between Python and JavaScript Applications
Simply put, from an application perspective, developers use Python for developing scientific applications while Web development and user-facing functionality and server development using JavaScript.
Python VS JavaScript: Syntax Differences
Now that we know the difference in their uses at the application level, let’s take a look at their writing methods and syntax. Differences, below we will go through the differences on the following main elements.
- Code block
- Variable definition
- Variable naming protocol
- Constant
- Data types and values
- Comments
- Built-in data structures
- Operators
- Input/Output
- Conditional statements
- For loops and While loops
- Functions
- Object-oriented programming
Code blocks in Python and JavaScript
Every programming language has its own style to define code blocks. Let’s take a look at their differences in Python and JavaScript:
How Python defines code blocks
Python relies on indentation to define code blocks. When a series of consecutive lines of code are indented at the same level, they are considered part of the same code block.
We use it to define conditions, functions, loops and all compound statements in Python.
Here are examples:
Using indentation to define code blocks in Python
How JavaScript defines code blocks
In JavaScript, we use curly braces ({}) to group statements that belong to the same block of code.
Here are examples:
Using curly braces to define code blocks in JavaScript
Variable definitions in Python and JavaScript
The assignment statement is one of the most basic statements in any programming language. Let's see how to define a variable and assign a value to it in Python and JavaScript.
How to define variables in Python
To define variables in Python, we write the variable name, followed by an equal sign (=) and the value that will be assigned to the variable.
<variable_name> = <value>
For example:
x = 5
How to define variables in JavaScript
The syntax is very similar in JavaScript, but we only need varAdd keywords before the variable name and end with a semicolon (;).
var <variable_name> = <value>;
Tip: When using var to define a variable, the variable has function scope.
var x = 5;
我们还可以使用关键字let:
let <variable_name> = <value>;
例如:
let x = 5;
提示:当使用let定义变量时,变量将具有块级作用域。它将仅在定义它的代码块中被识别。
Python和JavaScript中的变量命名约定
Python和JavaScript遵循两种不同的变量命名约定。
如何在Python中命名变量
Python推荐使用蛇形命名法(snake_case)。
根据Python样式指南:
- 变量名遵循与函数名相同的约定。
- 函数名称应小写,必要时用下划线分隔单词以提高可读性。
因此,Python中的典型变量名称如下所示:
first_name
如何在JavaScript中命名变量
不过在JavaScript中,我们应该遵循小骆驼命名法(lowerCamelCase)为命名样式,暨以首字母小写,之后每个新单词以大写字母开头。
根据MDN Web文档的JavaScript准则文章:
对于变量名,请使用lowerCamelCasing,并在适当的地方使用简洁的,易于理解的语义名称。
因此,JavaScript中的典型变量名称应如下所示:
firstName
Python和JavaScript中的常量
下面让我们来讨论一下常量。常量是在程序执行期间不能更改的值。
如何在Python中定义常量
在Python中,我们依靠命名规则来定义常量,因为语言中没有严格的规则来防止更改它们的值。
根据Python样式指南:
常量通常在模块级别定义,并以所有大写字母书写,并用下划线分隔单词。
这是我们用于在Python中定义常量的命名方式:
CONSTANT_NAME
例如:
TAX_RATE_PERCENTAGE = 32
这样的命名规则只是从规则上为自己和其他开发人员做了约定,该值不应在程序中进行修改,但从技术上讲,该值是可以被更改的。
如何在JavaScript中定义常量
在JavaScript中,我们可以定义不能在程序中更改的常量,并且不能重新分配变量标识符。
但这并不意味着值本身不能更改。
根据这篇文章const的MDN的Web文档:
const声明创建了一个对值的只读引用,这并不意味着它所拥有的值是不可改变的--只是变量标识符不能重新分配。例如,在内容是对象的情况下,这意味着对象的内容(例如,它的属性)可以被改变。
要在JavaScript中定义常量,我们const 在变量名称之前添加关键字:
const TAX_RATE_PERCENTAGE = 32;
如果尝试更改常量的值,则会看到此错误:
Python和JavaScript中的数据类型和值
数值数据类型
Python有三种数值类型,可以帮助我们出于科学目的执行精确计算。这些数值类型包括:int (整数)、 float (浮点数)和complex。它们中的每一个都有自己的属性、特征和应用。
而JavaScript只有两种数值类型:Number和BigInt。整数和浮点数都被认为是Number类型。
None vs. null
在Python中,有一个名为None的特殊值,我们通常用它来指示变量在程序中的某个特定点没有值。
JavaScript中的等效值为null,这表示不存在任何对象值。
undefined 值
在JavaScript中,我们有一个特殊值,当我们声明变量而不分配初始值时会自动分配一个特殊值,它就是undefined。
以下是示例:
在Python中,你必须为变量分配一个初始值。没有初始值就无法声明它。你可以讲None指定为Python变量的初始值,以表示缺少值。
Python和JavaScript中的基础数据类型
基础数据类型表示我们可以在编程语言中处理的最基本的值。让我们比较一下这两种语言的基础数据类型:
- Python具有四种基础数据类型:整数(int),浮点数(float),布尔值(bool)和字符串(str)。
- JavaScript具有六种原始数据类型:undefined,布尔值,字符串,数字BigInt和Symbol。
如何用Python和JavaScript编写注释
注释对于编写简洁易读的代码非常重要。让我们看看在Python和JavaScript中的注释分别是什么样的吧:
单行注释
- 在Python中,我们使用井号(#)编写注释。该符号之后同一行上的所有字符均被视为注释的一部分。
- 在JavaScript中,我们写两个斜杠(//)来开始单行注释。
多行注释
- 在Python中,要编写多行注释,我们要对每一行程序前都加上#号,以标识这行为注释。
- 在JavaScript中,多行注释以/*开头,以*/结束。这些符号之间的所有字符都被视为注释的一部分。
Python和JavaScript中的内置数据结构
Tuples
在Python中,我们有一个内置的数据结构,叫做元组,它和列表非常相似,但是不可更改。因此,它在程序执行过程中不能被改变,所以它被用来存储那些不应该被修改的数据。
在JavaScript中,并没有一个内置的具有这些特性的数据结构。虽然你可以通过语言的某些特性来实现类似的数据结构。
列表List与数组Array
- 在Python中, List用于在同一数据结构中存储一系列值。可以在程序中对其进行修改,索引和使用。
- 在JavaScript中,可实现类似功能的数据结构称为Array。
哈希表
- 在Python中,有一个称为字典的内置数据结构,可帮助我们将某些值映射到其他值并创建键值对。可用作哈希表使用。
- JavaScript没有这种类型的内置数据结构,但是有某些方法可以使用语言的某些元素来重现其功能。
Python和JavaScript中的运算符
取整除
尽管大多数算术运算符在Python和JavaScript间的工作原理和使用方式完全相同,但在进行整除时却略有不同。
- 在Python中,用双斜杠(//)进行整除运算。
- 在JavaScript中,没有特定的取整除的运算符。但我们可以通过调用Math.floor()方法将结果四舍五入为最接近的整数。
比较值和类型
在Python中,我们使用==运算符比较两个值及其数据类型是否相等。
# Comparing Two Integers >>> 0 == 0 True # Comparing Integer to String >>> 0 == "0" False
在JavaScript中,的==运算符,它的执行工作原理是在比较之前将两个对象转换为相同的类型。
如果我们使用JavaScript(0 == "0")检查上一个示例的“整数与字符串”比较的结果,则结果是True而不是False,因为在比较之前将值转换为相同的数据类型:
在JavaScript中,要检查值和数据类型是否相等,我们需要使用另外一个运算符===(三等号)。
Logical operators
- In Python, there are: and, or, and not are the three logical operators.
- In JavaScript, it is: &&, || and ! .
type operator
- In Python, to To check the type of an object, you can use the type() function.
- In JavaScript, we use the typeof operator.
Input and output in Python and JavaScript
Requiring user input and displaying values to the user are very important in applications. Common operations. Let’s see how this is represented in Python and JavaScript.
Input
- In Python, we use the input() function to request user input. We write the message in brackets.
- In JavaScript, if you are running the code on the browser, you can use prompt as the input solution (it is just not a common solution), window.prompt(message) input Once completed, assign the result to the variable.
The main difference between the two methods is that in Python, the user will be prompted to enter a value in the console, while in JavaScript, a small prompt will be displayed in the browser and the user will be asked to enter value.
In JavaScript, if you open the Chrome Developer tools and enter the following code in the console:
The following prompt will be displayed
Output
- In Python, we use the print() function to print the value to the console.
- In JavaScript, we use console.log() to print a value to the console.
Conditional statements in Python and JavaScript
Through conditional statements, we can choose the program to follow based on specific conditions The part that will be executed.
if statement
- In Python, we rely on indentation to indicate which lines of code belong to conditional code.
- In JavaScript, you must use parentheses to enclose conditions and curly braces to enclose code. The code should also be indented.
if/else statement
else clause is very similar in both languages. The only difference is:
- In Python, we write a colon (:) ## after the else keyword #In
- JavaScript, , we use curly brackets ({}) to enclose the code that belongs to the clause.
Multiple conditional statements
- In Python, we write the keyword elif after the condition. After the condition, we write a colon (:) and the code is indented to the next line. In JavaScript, we write the keyword Else
if, followed by the condition (enclosed in parentheses). After the condition ends, we write the curly braces and indent the code within the curly braces.
Switch statement
- In JavaScript, we have an additional control statement that can be used Select an action to perform based on the value of an expression. This statement is called
- switch.
- Python There is no statement of this type.
Python和JavaScript中的For循环和While循环
下面让我们看看如何在Python和JavaScript中定义不同类型的循环以及它们的主要区别。
循环
在Python中定义for循环的语法比JavaScript中的语法相对简单。
在Python中,我们在关键字 for 后面写循环变量的名称,关键字 in,及调用 range() 函数,指定必要的参数。然后,我们写一个冒号(:),后面是缩进的循环主体。
在JavaScript中,我们必须明确地指定几个值。我们用for关键字开始,后面是括号。在这些括号中,我们定义了循环变量的初始值,必须为False才能停止循环的条件,以及如何在每次迭代时更新变量。然后,我们写大括号来创建一个代码块,在大括号内我们写出循环的主体缩进。
遍历可迭代对象
我们可以在Python和JavaScript中使用for循环来迭代可迭代的元素。
在 Python 中,我们在关键字 for 后面写上循环变量、in 关键字和迭代符。然后,我们写一个冒号(:)和循环的主体(缩进)。
在JavaScript中,我们可以使用一个for ... 的循环。我们在for关键字后面写上小括号,在小括号内写上关键字var,后面写上循环变量、关键字of和可迭代。我们用大括号包围循环的主体,然后缩进。
While循环
在Python中,我们在关键字while后面写上条件、冒号(:),然后在新的一行中写上循环的主体(缩进)。
在JavaScript中,语法非常相似。不同的是,我们必须用括号包围条件,用大括号将循环体括起来。
do..while 循环
在JavaScript中,还有一种Python不存在的循环类型。
这种类型的循环称为do..while循环,因为它至少执行一次操作,并在条件为时继续运行True。
do { // Code } while (condition);
Python和JavaScript中的函数
函数对于写出简洁、可维护和可读的程序非常重要。Python和JavaScript中的语法非常相似,但让我们分析一下它们的主要区别:
在 Python 中,我们在关键字 def 后面写上函数的名称,并在括号中写上参数列表。在这个列表之后,我们写一个冒号(:)和函数的主体(缩进)。
在JavaScript中,唯一不同的是,我们使用function关键字定义函数,并在函数的主体周围加上大括号。
函数参数的数量
在 Python 中,传递给函数调用的参数数必须与函数定义中定义的参数数相匹配。如果不是这样,就会发生异常。
在JavaScript中,这不是必需的,因为参数是可选的。您可以使用比函数定义中定义的参数更少或更多的参数来调用函数。缺省的参数被赋予未定义的值,额外的参数可以通过Arguments对象访问。
Python和JavaScript进行面向对象的编程
Python和JavaScript都支持面向对象编程,所以让我们看看如何创建和使用这种编程范例的主要元素。
Class
类定义的第一行在Python和JavaScript中非常相似。我们在关键字class后跟类的名称。
唯一的区别是:
在Python中,在类名之后,我们写了一个冒号(:)
在JavaScript中,我们用大括号({})包围了类的内容
构造函数和属性
构造函数是一种特殊的方法,当创建类的新实例(新对象)时会调用该方法。它的主要目的是初始化实例的属性。
在Python中,调用了初始化新实例的构造函数init (带有两个前导和尾随下划线)。创建类的实例以初始化其属性时,将自动调用此方法。其参数列表定义了创建实例必须传递的值。该列表以self第一个参数开头。
在JavaScript中,构造函数方法被调用,constructor并且它还具有一个参数列表。
Python和JavaScript中的方法
在Python中,我们使用def关键字,其名称和括号内的参数列表定义方法。此参数列表以参数开头,self以引用正在调用该方法的实例。在此列表之后,我们编写一个冒号(:),并将该方法的主体缩进。
在JavaScript中,方法是通过编写其名称,后跟参数列表和花括号来定义的。在花括号内,我们编写方法的主体。
实例
要创建类的实例:
- 在Python中,我们编写类的名称,并在括号内传递参数。
my_circle = Circle(5, "Red")
- 在JavaScript中,我们需要new在类名之前添加关键字。
my_circle = new Circle(5, "Red");
总结
Python和JavaScript都是非常强大的语言,因为有着不同的实际应用场景,Python可以用于Web开发和广泛的应用,包括科学用途。JavaScript主要用于Web开发(前端和后端)和移动应用开发。所以,两种语言并没有孰强孰弱的区别。
虽然它们在语法和使用上有些许区别,但本身作为一门开发语言,使用和掌握上没有本质上的区别,如果有那也只是使用者自身的熟练程度带来的影响罢了。
更多编程相关知识,请访问:编程视频!!
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