Get what is peer-to-peer in information technology

Getting information technology is peer-to-peer: P2P. P2P (point-to-point network) is an Internet system that has no central server and relies on user groups (Peers) to exchange information; in the P2P structure, the status of each node is equal, and each node acts as a server and provides information for other nodes. services, and also enjoy the services provided by other nodes.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Access to peer-to-peer information technology: P2P.

P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network is a peer-to-peer network. It is an Internet system that has no central server and relies on user groups (Peers) to exchange information. It is a type of distributed network. Generally speaking, the status of each node in the network is equal. Different from the central network C/S system (Client-Server) with a central server, each node of point-to-point network is both a client and a server. Nodes rely on mutual connections for information exchange, and each node shares the resources they own (such as disk storage space, network bandwidth, processor usage, etc.) to provide services and content. Therefore, when a new node joins the network, the capacity of the entire system increases accordingly.

Compared with the C/S network model, the P2P network is especially suitable for sharing files: in the C/S structure, resources are stored in a central server. Under a fixed bandwidth, the more users request downloads , the slower the data transmission for each user on average. For P2P networks, many nodes store copies of the same file. When someone needs to download it, they can download it from multiple nodes at the same time, and the file they have downloaded can also be uploaded to other nodes that are downloading at the same time. , so the larger the network, the faster it will be. P2P networks fully utilize the bandwidth of other peers in the network, not just the bandwidth of the node from which the file originated.

The success in sharing files has made the P2P network popular. However, since most of the files shared are popular music and movies, the problem of infringement has also made the P2P network widely criticized. In a typical P2P network, data can be copied at will, and copies can be saved at will. But assets obviously cannot be copied at will and have multiple copies. The Bitcoin project created by Satoshi Nakamoto retains the "distributed" characteristics of the P2P network and also solves the problem of asset transfer in the P2P network: Assets flow between different addresses instead of simply "Copy"; miners will verify the whereabouts of assets during the transaction information process. The following will provide a detailed description of Bitcoin’s P2P network. This model may provide inspiration for using blockchain technology to solve issues such as copyright protection.

Limitations and Tradeoffs of P2P Networks

The advantages of P2P networks such as fault tolerance, scalable transmission speed, data security, etc.,But In blockchain projects, this comes at the cost of low transaction processing capabilities. In the current fierce public chain competition, many projects are showing off their transaction processing capabilities (for example, claiming that "it can handle more than 10,000 transactions per second," etc.), which also shows from the side that this is an issue that has yet to be solved by existing blockchain technology. question.

In fact, as more and more nodes are added to its network, the transmission delay of information between nodes gradually accumulates, and the time required for information to spread to the entire network becomes longer and longer. Therefore, P2P network projects need to make a trade-off between

low transaction throughput and centralization.

When a small number of "super nodes" are set up to verify transaction information, the processing efficiency of transaction information can be improved, but at the same time, the network becomes centralized. In a network where all nodes have the same status,

all nodes have verified transactions, which will result in a certain degree of duplication of work and waste of resources.

The excitement about blockchain technology has a lot to do with its decentralized nature, which is largely based on P2P networks. The P2P network is a very balanced concept, but it also requires a certain amount of resources as a price. There is still a trade-off to be made between a balanced network and improved work efficiency. Building an efficient point-to-point network requires us to continue to make progress in communication technology together.

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