What are the basic communication protocols used on the Internet?

The basic communication protocol used on the Internet is "TCP/IP". "TCP/IP", Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, refers to a protocol suite that can realize information transmission between multiple different networks. It is the most basic communication protocol in the use of networks. The TCP/IP transport protocol stipulates the standards and methods for communication between various parts of the Internet.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Dell G3 computer.

The basic communication protocol used on the Internet is "TCP/IP".

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) refers to a protocol suite that can realize information transmission between multiple different networks. The TCP/IP protocol not only refers to the two protocols TCP and IP, but also refers to a protocol cluster composed of FTP, SMTP, TCP, UDP, IP and other protocols. Just because in the TCP/IP protocol, the TCP protocol and the IP protocol The most representative, so it is called TCP/IP protocol.

TCP/IP transmission protocol, namely transmission control/network protocol, is also called network communication protocol. It is the most basic communication protocol used in networks. The TCP/IP transport protocol stipulates the standards and methods for communication between various parts of the Internet. Moreover, TCP/IP transmission protocols are two important protocols that ensure timely and complete transmission of network data information. The TCP/IP transmission protocol is strictly a four-layer architecture, including the application layer, transport layer, network layer and data link layer.

TCP/IP protocol is the most basic protocol of the Internet. The main protocols of the application layer include Telnet, FTP, SMTP, etc., which are used to receive data from the transport layer or transmit data according to different application requirements and methods. to the transport layer; the main protocols of the transport layer are UDP and TCP, which are the channels through which users use the platform and the internal data of the computer information network to realize data transmission and data sharing; the main protocols of the network layer are ICMP, IP, and IGMP. Responsible for the transmission of data packets in the network; and the network access layer, also called the network interface layer or data link layer, the main protocols are ARP, RARP, the main function is to provide link management error detection, information details about different communication media Problems are dealt with effectively, etc.

Composition of TCP/IP protocol

TCP/IP protocol refers to the OSI architecture to a certain extent. There are seven layers in the OSI model. From bottom to top they are the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer. But this is obviously somewhat complicated, so in the TCP/IP protocol, they are simplified to four levels.

• Application layer: The application layer is the first layer of the TCP/IP protocol and directly provides services to the application process.

  (1) Different types of applications will use different protocols in the application layer according to their own needs. Mail transmission applications use the SMTP protocol, World Wide Web applications use the HTTP protocol, and remote login service applications use the There is TELNET protocol.

  (2) The application layer can also encrypt, decrypt, and format data.

  (3) The application layer can establish or terminate connections with other nodes, which can fully save network resources.

• Transport layer: As the second layer of the TCP/IP protocol, the transport layer plays a mainstay role in the entire TCP/IP protocol. And in the transport layer, TCP and UDP also play the mainstay role.

• Network layer: The network layer is located at the third layer of the TCP/IP protocol. In the TCP/IP protocol, the network layer can perform functions such as establishing and terminating network connections and searching for IP addresses.

• Network interface layer: In the TCP/IP protocol, the network interface layer is located on the fourth layer. Since the network interface layer merges the physical layer and the data link layer, the network interface layer is not only the physical medium for transmitting data, but also provides an accurate line for the network layer.

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