What is the hardware circuit that digitizes audio signals?

The hardware circuit that realizes the digitization of audio signals is the "A/D converter". A/D converter, also known as analog-to-digital conversion, refers to an electronic component that converts analog signals into digital signals. It can convert an input voltage signal into an output digital signal.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Dell G3 computer.

The core hardware circuit for digitizing audio signals is: A/D converter.

The circuit that converts analog signals into digital signals is called an analog-to-digital converter (referred to as A/D converter or ADC, Analog to Digital Converter). It usually refers to a circuit that converts analog signals into digital signals. Electronic components for digital signals. A typical analog-to-digital converter converts an input voltage signal into an output digital signal.

Since the digital signal itself has no actual meaning, it only represents a relative size. Therefore, any analog-to-digital converter needs a reference analog quantity as the conversion standard. The more common reference standard is the maximum convertible signal size. The output digital quantity represents the size of the input signal relative to the reference signal.

The function of A/D conversion is to convert analog signals with continuous time and continuous amplitude into digital signals with discrete time and discrete amplitude. Therefore, A/D conversion generally requires sampling, holding, Quantization and coding are four processes. In actual circuits, some of these processes are combined. For example, sampling and holding, quantization and encoding are often implemented simultaneously during the conversion process.

Steps of analog-to-digital conversion

Analog-to-digital conversion generally goes through the steps of sampling, quantization and encoding.

Sampling refers to replacing the original time-continuous signal with a sequence of signal samples at certain intervals, that is, discretizing the analog signal in time.

Quantization is to use a limited number of amplitude values ​​to approximate the original continuously changing amplitude value, and change the continuous amplitude of the analog signal into a limited number of discrete values ​​with certain intervals.

Encoding follows certain rules to represent the quantized value as a binary number, and then converts it into a binary or multi-valued digital signal stream. The digital signals obtained in this way can be transmitted through digital lines such as cables, microwave trunk lines, and satellite channels.

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