What are the necessary hardware for accessing the Internet through LAN?

The necessary hardware for accessing the Internet through LAN includes "network card" and "network cable". The network card is an interface that connects a computer and a transmission medium. It is mainly used to convert computer data into signals that can be transmitted through the transmission medium. Network cables are cables that connect computers to computers, and computers to other network devices. They can be used to transmit information within the network.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, Dell G3 computer.

The necessary hardware for accessing the Internet through LAN includes "network card" and "network cable".

A network card is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate on a computer network. Since it has a MAC address, it falls between Layer 1 and Layer 2 of the OSI model. It allows users to connect to each other via cable or wirelessly. Each network card has a unique 48-bit serial number called a MAC address, which is written in a ROM on the card. Every computer on the network must have a unique MAC address. No two network cards produced have the same address. This is because the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is responsible for assigning unique MAC addresses to network interface controller (network card) vendors.

Main functions:

1. Data encapsulation and decapsulation

When sending, add the header and tail to the data passed from the upper layer to become an Ethernet frame . When receiving, the header and tail of the Ethernet frame are stripped off, and then sent to the upper layer

2. Link management

Mainly through CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection , Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol to implement

3. Data encoding and decoding

is Manchester encoding and decoding. Among them, Manchester code, also known as digital bidirectional code, phase code or phase encoding (PE), is one of the commonly used binary code line encoding methods. It is used by the physical layer to encode the clock and data of a synchronous bit stream. In communications technology, a code used to represent the combination of data and timing signals in the bit stream to be sent. Commonly used in Ethernet communications, train bus control, industrial buses and other fields.

Network cable is a cable that connects computers and computers, and computers and other network devices; generally made of metal or glass, it can be used to transmit information within the network.

There are three commonly used network cables: twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable (optical fiber). Twisted pair is a data transmission line composed of many pairs of wires. It is characterized by its low price, so it is widely used. Twisted pair cable is used to connect to RJ45 crystal head. There are two types: STP and UTP. UTP is commonly used.

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