PHP7.1 new features
1. Nullable type
The types of parameters and return values can now be allowed to be empty by adding a question mark before the type. When this feature is enabled, the parameters passed in or the result returned by the function are either the given type or null
#php5 function($a = null){ if($a===null) { return null; } return $a; } #php7+ function fun() :?string { return null; } function fun1(?$a) { var_dump($a); } fun1(null);//null fun1('1');//1
2. void type
return value Methods declared as void may simply omit the return statement. For void, NULL is not a legal return value.
function fun() :void { echo "hello world"; }
3. Class constant visibility
class Something { const PUBLIC_CONST_A = 1; public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 2; protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 3; private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4; }
4. iterable pseudo class
This can be used in parameters or In the return value type, it represents an object that accepts an array or implements the Traversable interface.
function iterator(iterable $iter) { foreach ($iter as $val) { // } }
5. Multiple exception capture processing
One catch Statement blocks can now capture multiple exceptions through the pipe character (_|_). This is useful when you need to handle different exceptions from different classes at the same time
try { // some code } catch (FirstException | SecondException $e) { // handle first and second exceptions }
6. List supports key names
$data = [ ["id" => 1, "name" => 'Tom'], ["id" => 2, "name" => 'Fred'], ]; // list() style list("id" => $id1, "name" => $name1) = $data[0]; var_dump($id1);//1
7. String supports negative direction
$a= "hello"; $a[-2];//l
8. Convert callback to closure
Closure has added a new static method to quickly convert callable into a Closure object.
<?php class Test { public function exposeFunction() { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'privateFunction']); } private function privateFunction($param) { var_dump($param); } } $privFunc = (new Test)->exposeFunction(); $privFunc('some value');
9. http2 service push
Support for http2 server push has now been added to the CURL extension
Original link: https:// cloud.tencent.com/dev...
New features of PHP7.2
New object type
This new object type,object
, introduces any object type that can be used for contravariant parameter input and covariant return.
<?php function test(object $obj) : object { return new SqlQueue(); } test(new Stdclass());
Allow overriding of abstract methods
When an abstract class inherits from another abstract class, the inherited abstract class can override the abstraction of the inherited abstract class. method.
<?php abstract class A { abstract function test(string $s); } abstract class B extends A { abstract function test($s) : int; }
Use the Argon2 algorithm to generate password hashes
Argon2 has been added to the password hashing API (these functions start with password_), the following are the exposed constants:
PASSWORD_ARGON2I
PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_MEMORY_COST
- ##PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_TIME_COST
- PASSWORD_ARGON2_DEFAULT_THERADS
<?php use Foo\Bar\{ Foo, Bar, Baz, };
Heredoc and
Nowdoc syntax The
closing tag no longer needs to stand on its own line or be followed by a semicolon. At the same time, the closing tag can also use indentation. When indentation is used, each line of the doc content will skip the corresponding indentation. $data = ["元素", <<<STR Doc Content The new line STR, 42,]; var_dump($data); array(3) { [0]=> string(6) "元素" [1]=> string(25) "Doc Content The new line" [2]=> int(42) }
$v = [10, 20]; [$a, &$b] = $v; $b += 10; var_dump($v, $a, $b); array(2) { [0]=> int(10) [1]=> &int(30) } int(10) int(30)
$v = [10, 20]; list($c, &$d) = $v; $d += 10; var_dump($v, $c, $d); array(2) { [0]=> int(10) [1]=> &int(30) } int(10) int(30)
var_dump("literal" instanceof stdClass); var_dump(42 instanceof stdClass); var_dump(new stdClass() instanceof stdClass); bool(false) bool(false) bool(true)
function methodName($p1, $p2) { // some statmenet var_dump($p1, $p2); } methodName(10, 20, ); int(10) int(20)
bcscale()The function supports obtaining the scale used by the current BC function.
bcscale(3); var_dump(bcscale()); int(3)
- Full-featured Case-Mapping and Case-Folding support
- Case-insensitive string operators use Case -Folding
- Support Unicode 11
- Long string support
- Named capture support
- log_limit
- log_buffering
- decorate_workers_output
14 废弃大小写不敏感的常量
大小写不敏感的常量声明现已被废弃。将 TRUE 作为第三个参数传递给 define() 会导致一个废弃警告。大小写不敏感的使用(在读取时使用一个与声明时不同的大小写方式)也已被废弃。
15 废弃在字符串中搜索非字符串内容
将一个非字符串内容传递给字符串搜索函数。 在将来所有待搜索的内容都将被视为字符串,而不是 ASCII 编码值。如果需要依赖这个特性,你应该 要么显示地进行类型转换(转为字符串),或者显示地调用 chr()。 以下是受到影响的方法:
16 新常量
新常量
原文链接:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/...
PHP7.4新特性
1、预加载
预加载功能是指在服务启动时,未运行任何应用程序代码之前,将一组PHP文件加载到内存中,甚至可以对框架进行预加载,以提高性能。如果对预加载代码进行修改,需要重启服务。
预加载相比opcache:opcache虽然解决了重复编译问题,但opcache本身也有开销。引用Dmitry Stogov大佬的话:
Not only. The idea is to completely eliminate compilation and opcache overhead (copying from SHM to process memory and insertions into function/class tables on each request). Using this technique, we might write standard functions and classes in PHP (similar to systemlib.php in HHVM).
预加载是完全消除编译和opcache所带来的开销(从共享内存复制到进程内存,并在每个请求上插入到function/class表中),使用这种技术可以在PHP中编写标准函数和类(类似于HHVM中的systemlib.php)
想想看,其实预加载主要是提升像php-fpm这种架构形式的性能,并且会占用更多的内存资源。Benjamin Morel对预加载进行了测试。
https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/7777#issuecomment-440268416
使用方法:
通过修改php.ini中的opcache.preload
来选择预加载程序。使用方法如下:
php.ini
[opcache] zend_extension=opcache.so opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.preload=preload.php
preload.php
<?php function preload() { echo 'preload'; } opcache_compile_file('hello.php');
hello.php
<?php function hello() { echo 'hello'; }
test.php
<?php hello(); echo ' '; preload(); echo PHP_EOL;
运行
~$ php test.php hello preload
2、FFI
有时间我们再聊,先占上位置。
3、类属性的类型支持
php版本<7.4:
<?php class User { /** @var int $id */ private $id; /** @var string $name */ public $name; }
php版本>=7.4:
<?php class User { private int $id; public string $name; }
一个完整的示例:
<?php class Example { // 支持除了“void”和“callable”之外的所有类型 public int $scalarType; protected ClassName $classType; private ?ClassName $nullableClassType; // 在静态属性中也是合法的 public static iterable $staticProp; // 也可以与“var”一起使用 var bool $flag; // 也可以使用默认值 public string $str = "foo"; public ?string $nullableStr = null; // 在一次声明多个属性的情况下,类型会作用于各属性。 public float $x, $y; // 相当于这样: public float $x; public float $y; }
以下是支持的所有类型:
bool, int, float, string, array, object iterable self, parent class interface // 任何 类名、接口名 ?type // 其中“type”可以是以上任意一种类型
4、NULL合并赋值运算符
写法:$a ??= 1 。其实就是 $a = $a ?? 1 的语法糖。
例子:
<?php $arr['a'] ??= 'a'; /*等同于*/ $arr['a'] = $arr['a'] ?? 'a'; $b ??= 'b'; /*等同于*/ $b = $b ?? 'b';
5、弃用WDDX扩展
我相信大多数人和我一样并不了解wddx,wddx是一个很“古老”的数据格式,基于xml(emmm,可能我理解的不是很对,大概其就是这个意思吧)。现在都在用json,所以弃用了也罢。有兴趣的童鞋可以看一下这篇文章。
https://blog.csdn.net/guoguo1980/article/details/2436342
6、简化匿名函数
此特性就是一个语法糖,相信你在别的语言中也见到过,下面是一些例子:
<?php $adder = fn($x, $y) => $x + $y; // 等同于 $adder = function ($x, $y) { return $x + $y; }; /*******************************/ $y = 1; $fn1 = function ($x) use ($y) { return $x + $y; }; // 等同于 $fn2 = fn($x) => $x + $y; // 新的写法省去了 use, 变得更加简洁
更多用法:
<?php fn(array $x) => $x; // 参数类型声明 fn(): int => $x; // 返回类型声明 fn($x = 42) => $x; // 参数默认值 fn(&$x) => $x; // 引用传递 fn&($x) => $x; // 引用返回 fn($x, ...$rest) => $rest; // 变长参数
其实我个人不是很赞同php引入那么多语法糖,这使得php的语法变得越来越复杂,关于此rfc的投票,鸟哥选择了反对,包括韩天峰大佬也对此特别反对,php应该回归初心——简单高效。
7、新增mb_str_split函数
mb_str_split是mbstring扩展中新增的一个函数,通过函数名就可以猜到,它是str_split函数的“增强版(多字节处理)”,它的作用和str_split一样,都是将字符串拆分成数组,只是增加了第三个参数,用于设置字符编码。
说明:
mb_str_split ( string $string [, int $split_length = 1, string $encoding = mb_internal_encoding() ] ) : array
例子:
<?php print_r(mb_str_split("PHP是世界上最好的语言", 3)); // Array // ( // [0] => PHP // [1] => 是世界 // [2] => 上最好 // [3] => 的语言 // ) // 也可以指定编码 print_r(mb_str_split("PHP是世界上最好的语言", 3, "GB2312"));
8、始终可用的Hash扩展
从PHP7.4开始,Hash扩展是PHP核心扩展,无法通过--disable-hash禁用,因此它始终可用。