What are front-end and back-end in programming

In programming, the front-end is the front-end part of the website, which runs on PC, mobile and other browsers to display the web content for users to browse; while the back-end refers to the interaction with the database to process the corresponding business logic. , what needs to be considered is how to implement functions, data access, platform stability and performance, etc.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

What is the front-end in programming

1. Front-end concept

The front-end is the front-end part of the website, running on the PC , web pages displayed to users on mobile browsers and other browsers. With the development of Internet technology, the application of HTML5, CSS3, and front-end frameworks, cross-platform responsive web design can adapt to various screen resolutions, and perfect dynamic design can bring users a very high user experience.

2. Front-end characteristics

Front-end technology is generally divided into front-end design and front-end development. Front-end design can generally be understood as the visual design of the website, and front-end development is the front-end code implementation of the website, including basic HTML and CSS and JavaScript/ajax, the latest advanced versions of HTML5, CSS3, and SVG, etc.

3. Main front-end technologies: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

These three are the three most basic and necessary skills in front-end development. In front-end development, when laying out the page, HTML defines the elements, CSS positions the displayed elements, and JavaScript is used to achieve corresponding effects and interactions. Although it looks simple on the surface, there are definitely many things that need to be mastered. Before developing, you need to clarify and understand these concepts, so that you will be comfortable during the development process.

(1) HTML

refers to Hyper Text Markup Language. This is also the most commonly used common language on our web pages. It has gone through multiple versions of development and has It has developed to version 5.0. Thanks to the standards and specifications established by W3C, it has been generally upgraded to XHTML. XHTML refers to Extensible HyperText Markup Language. XHTML became a W3C standard on January 26, 2000. A stricter and purer HTML code, XHTML aims to replace HTML. XHTML is almost identical to HTML 4.01, which is HTML redefined as an XML application and is a W3C standard. The W3C defines XHTML as the latest version of HTML. All new browsers support XHTML.

(2) CSS

Cascading Style Sheet (Cascading Style Sheet) is referred to as "CSS", usually also called "Style Sheet (Style Sheet)", which is used to design web pages. Designed in style. For example, if you want the link word to be blue when it is not clicked, and then turn red and underlined when the mouse is moved over it, this is a style. By setting up a style sheet, you can uniformly control the display attributes of each mark in HTML. Cascading style sheets allow people to more effectively control the appearance of web pages. Using cascading style sheets, you can expand your ability to precisely specify the position and appearance of web page elements and create special effects.

(3) JavaScript

is a prototype-inherited, object-oriented, dynamically typed, case-sensitive client-side scripting language developed from Netscape's LiveScript. Its main purpose is to Solve the speed problems left by server-side languages, such as Perl, and provide customers with smoother browsing effects. At that time, the server needed to verify the data. Since the network speed was very slow, only 28.8kbps, the verification step wasted too much time. So Netscape's browser Navigator added Javascript to provide basic functions of data verification.

What is the backend in programming

The backend mostly refers to the interaction with the database to process the corresponding business logic. What needs to be considered is how to implement functions, data access, platform stability and performance, etc.

In the web development world, most backend developers are engaged in building the actual logic behind the applications they are working on.

Typically, front-end developers build the user interface, while back-end developers write the code to make it work. For example, a front-end developer creates an interface in an application with a button that, when pressed, gets the customer's data.

The backend developer writes the code that makes the button work by indicating what data to pull from the database and pass it back to the frontend (and ultimately display there).

Back-end developers may also be heavily involved in system architecture, deciding how to organize the system's logic so that it can be maintained and operated properly.

He may be involved in building a framework or system architecture to make it easier to program. Backend developers spend more time implementing algorithms and solving problems than frontend developers.

One of the important skills needed for backend developers relates to SQL and databases. Most backend systems require a connection to the database where the application data is stored.

Backend developers usually work on writing, reading, and processing data from a database or other data source, so having skills such as SQL is very important. Backend developers - at least for web development - also need to be good at the server-side languages ​​of the technology stack they are using.

For example, while front-end web developers focus more on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, back-end developers need to know more about PHP web frameworks, Ruby on Rails, ASP.NET MVC or whatever is being used to build applications A server-side web development framework.

Finally, backend developers need to know more about application architecture because most of the time, backend developers are required to build the architecture and internal design of the application.

A good backend developer knows how to use various frameworks and libraries, how to integrate them into the application, and how to structure the code and business logic in a way that makes the system easier to maintain. .

If you enjoy designing application infrastructure, implementing algorithms and logic, and working with data, then you may enjoy becoming a backend developer.

For more programming-related knowledge, please visit: Introduction to Programming! !

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