Home Operation and Maintenance Linux Operation and Maintenance How to check which users are there in Linux

How to check which users are there in Linux

Nov 30, 2021 pm 03:16 PM
linux user

linux查看有哪些用户的方法:1、执行“cat /etc/passwd”命令,打印用户列表信息;2、执行“getent passwd”命令,打印用户列表信息;3、执行“compgen -u”命令,打印用户名列表信息。

How to check which users are there in Linux

本教程操作环境:linux5.9.8系统、Dell G3电脑。

方法 1 :打印 /etc/passwd 文件

使用任何一个像 cat、more、less 等文件操作命令来打印 Linux 系统上创建的用户列表。

/etc/passwd 是一个文本文件,其中包含了登录 Linux 系统所必需的每个用户的信息。它保存用户的有用信息,如用户名、密码、用户 ID、群组 ID、用户 ID 信息、用户的家目录和 Shell 。

/etc/passwd 文件将每个用户的详细信息写为一行,其中包含七个字段,每个字段之间用冒号 : 分隔:

# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash
named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin
mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
Copy after login

7 个字段的详细信息如下:

  • 用户名 (magesh): 已创建用户的用户名,字符长度 1 个到 12 个字符。

  • 密码(x):代表加密密码保存在 `/etc/shadow 文件中。

  • **用户 ID(506):代表用户的 ID 号,每个用户都要有一个唯一的 ID 。UID 号为 0 的是为 root 用户保留的,UID 号 1 到 99 是为系统用户保留的,UID 号 100-999 是为系统账户和群组保留的。

  • **群组 ID (507):代表群组的 ID 号,每个群组都要有一个唯一的 GID ,保存在 /etc/group文件中。

  • **用户信息(2g Admin - Magesh M):代表描述字段,可以用来描述用户的信息(LCTT 译注:此处原文疑有误)。

  • **家目录(/home/mageshm):代表用户的家目录。

  • **Shell(/bin/bash):代表用户使用的 shell 类型。

你可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。

# awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd
or
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
ftp
postfix
sshd
tcpdump
2gadmin
apache
zabbix
mysql
zend
rpc
2daygeek
named
mageshm
Copy after login

方法 2 :使用 getent 命令

getent 命令显示 Name Service Switch 库支持的数据库中的条目。这些库的配置文件为 /etc/nsswitch.conf

getent 命令显示类似于 /etc/passwd 文件的用户详细信息,它将每个用户详细信息显示为包含七个字段的单行。

# getent passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash
named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin
mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
Copy after login

7 个字段的详细信息如上所述。(LCTT 译注:此处内容重复,删节)

你同样可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。

方法 3 :使用 compgen 命令

compgen 是 bash 的内置命令,它将显示所有可用的命令,别名和函数。

# compgen -u
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
ftp
postfix
sshd
tcpdump
2gadmin
apache
zabbix
mysql
zend
rpc
2daygeek
named
mageshm
Copy after login

相关推荐:《Linux视频教程

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