Table of Contents
RESP
客户端请求服务端
服务端响应客户端
Home Database Redis An article to talk about the communication protocol in Redis-RESP

An article to talk about the communication protocol in Redis-RESP

Dec 20, 2021 pm 05:43 PM
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本篇文章带大家了解一下Redis中的通信协议,介绍一下RESP协议、数据结构的5种单元类型,希望对大家有所帮助!

An article to talk about the communication protocol in Redis-RESP

RESP

RESP(Redis Serialization Protocol)是Redis序列化协议的简写,该协议是纯文本协议,实现过程简单,解析性能较好。【相关推荐:Redis视频教程

5种单元类型

Redis协议将传输的数据结构分为5种最小的单元类型,单元结束时统一加上回车换行符号\r\n。

1. 单行字符串以 + 符号开头

例:+hello world\r\n
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2. 多行字符串以 $ 符号开头,后跟字符串长度

例:$11\r\nhello world\r\n
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多行字符串也可以用于表示单行字符串

3. 整数值以 : 符号开头,后跟整数的字符串形式

例::1024\r\n
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4. 错误信息以 - 符号开头

参数类型错误

例: -WRONGTYPE Operation against a key holding the wrong kind of value\r\n
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5. 数组以 * 号开头,后跟数组的长度

例:*3\r\n:l\r\n:2\r\n:3\r\n
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两种特殊类型

1. NULL

NULL使用多行字符串表示,长度为-1

例:$-1\r\n
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2. 空字符串

空串用多行字符串表示,长度填0

例:$0\r\n\r\n
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空字符串有两个\r\n,因为两个\r\n之间的就是空串

客户端请求服务端

客户端向服务器发送的指令只有一种格式,就是多行字符串数组。

例如一个简单的set指令 set x x 会被序列化成下面的字符串

*3\r\n$3\r\nset\r\n$1\r\nx\r\n$1\r\nx\r\n
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控制台展示如下

*3
$3
set
$1
x
$1
x
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服务端响应客户端

服务端响应客户端信息时,将会使用多种数据结构,比客户端发送到服务端时复杂很多,不过即便很复杂,也是上面提到的5种基本类型的组合。

单行字符串响应

127 . 0 .0.1: 6379> set x x 
OK
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上面的OK就是单行字符串响应(没有双引号),即 +OK

错误响应

127 . 0 . 0.1:6379> incr x 
(error} ERR value is not an integer or out of range
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对一个字符串进行自增,服务器抛出错误提醒

-ERR value is not an integer or out of range

整数响应

127.0.0.1:6379> incr books 
(integer} 1
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1就是整数响应 :1

多行字符串响应

127.0.0.1:6379> get x

"x"
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上面用括号引起来的x就是多行字符串响应,即:

$1
x
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数组响应

127.0.0.1:6379> hset info name bibabo

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hset info age 18

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hset info sex male

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall info

1) "name"

2) "bibabo"

3) "age"

4) "18"

5) "sex"

6) "male"
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上面的hgetall命令返回的就是一个数组,第0、2、4的字符串是hash表的key,1、3、6则是value,客户端负责将数组组装成字典返回。

*6 
$4 
name 
$6 
bibabo 
$3 
age 
$2 
18 
$3 
sex 
$4 
male
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嵌套

127.0.0.1:6379> scan 0 
1 )"0" 
2) 1 ) "info" 
2 )"books"
3 )"author"
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scan命令用来扫描服务器包含的所有key列表,通过游标的形式一次获取一部分,该命令返回的是一个嵌套数组,

数组第一个值表示游标的值,如果这个值为0,说明已经遍历完毕,如果不为0,使用这个值作为下一次scan时的参数,

数组的第二个值又是一个数组,这个数组就是key的列表。

*2 
$1
0
*3
$4 
info
$5 
books 
$6 
author
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Redis作为文本协议中含有大量的回车换行符,这会占用网络流量,不过依然有很多项目使用RESP作为通讯协议,因为性能并不是评分的全部,简单性、易理解性、易实现性都需要进行权衡,

一般数据库的瓶颈很少在协议上,而是内部的逻辑处理,Redis使用一个单线程对外提供服务,在CPU跑满的情况下,可以达到10w/s的QPS。

更多编程相关知识,请访问:编程视频!!

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