Table of Contents
一、系统准备
二、安装oracle
三、配置oracle监听程序
四、添加数据库实例
五、开机启动oracle
六、测试
Home Database Oracle Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

Jan 05, 2022 pm 05:06 PM
oracle

本篇文章给大家带来了Centos7下无图形界面安装 Oracle11g的操作知识,希望对大家有帮助。

Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

一、系统准备

  1. 物理内存不小于1G: 查看方式:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
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  1. 可用硬盘不小于8G: 查看方式:
# df
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  1. Swap分区空间不小于2G: 查看方式:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
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  1. 关闭防火墙
# systemctl status firewalld.service    #查看firewalld防火墙状态
# systemctl stop firewalld.service      #关闭firewalld防火墙
# systemctl disable firewalld.service   #禁止开机使用firewalld防火墙
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  1. 修改CentOS系统标识 (由于Oracle默认不支持CentOS)
    修改文件:  /etc/redhat-release
    将文件内容替换为:
redhat-7
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  1. 修改内核参数
    修改文件:  /etc/sysctl.conf
    添加以下内容:
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
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修改完后,启用新的配置:

# sysctl -p
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  1. 安装必须的软件包
# yum -y install binutils* compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++* gcc* gcc-c++* glibc* glibc-devel* ksh* libaio* libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make* sysstat* elfutils* unixODBC* unzip lrzsz net-tools
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  1. 创建用户以及组
# groupadd oinstall                         #创建安装oracle程序用户组 
# groupadd dba                              #创建DBA用户组
# useradd -g dba -m oracle                  #创建用户oracle 并加入到dba组
# usermod -a -G oinstall oracle             #将用户oracle加入到oinstall组

# passwd oracle                             #修改用户oracle的密码
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

# id oracle                                 #查看用户oracle的信息
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

  1. 创建安装目录
# mkdir -p /opt/oracle                         #创建oracle主目录
# mkdir -p /opt/inventory                      #创建oralce配置目录
# mkdir -p /opt/src                            #创建oracle压缩包解压目录
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle         #修改目录权限
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/inventory                           
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/src
# ll /opt                                      #查看目录权限
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

  1. 修改oracle用户的安全性能设置
    修改文件:   /etc/security/limits.conf
    在文件最后一行前,追加以下内容
#@student        -       maxlogins       4

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

# End of file
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  1. 修改用户环境变量
    修改文件:   /home/oracle/.bashrc
    追加以下内容
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export LANG=C
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
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修改完后立即启用:

# source /home/oracle/.bashrc
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  1. 解压缩zip包到/opt/src
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /opt/src/
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /opt/src/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/src/
# ll /opt/src/
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

  1. 关闭selinux
    修改文件:  /etc/selinux/config
    保存后需要重启机器
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled      # ********修改此行******
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
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# reboot
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二、安装oracle

进入Oracle用户

# su oracle
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  1. 安装oracle主程序
    编辑数据库安装文件  /opt/src/database/response/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                # 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle.server                            # 主机名称
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                   # 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/inventory                         # INVENTORY目录
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN                                # 选择语言
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1               # oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle                                   # oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                        # oracle版本
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                            # dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                      # oper用户组
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE    # 数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl       # globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                # SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8   # 默认数据库编码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=800         # 自动管理内存的最小内存(M)oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle     # 设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
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安装oracle

$ /opt/src/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/src/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
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此时需要慢慢等待······


当出现以下画面时,请照做
Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes
要执行配置脚本,请执行以下操作:
1.打开一个终端窗口
2.以"root"身份登陆
3.运行脚本
/opt/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
4.返回此窗口并按"Enter"键继续


三、配置oracle监听程序

编辑监听配置文件  /opt/src/database/response/netca.rsp
修改以下参数

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""                               # 安装的类型
LISTENER_NUMBER=1                                     # 监听器数量
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}                           # 监听器的名称列表
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}                       # 监听器使用的通讯协议列表
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""                           # 监听器启动的名称
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执行命令:

$ /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /opt/src/database/response/netca.rsp
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查看监听程序是否运行

$ netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes
关于监听的开机和关闭

开启监听:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start
关闭监听:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl stop
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四、添加数据库实例

编辑数据库实例文件  /opt/src/database/response/dbca.rsp
修改以下参数

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION ="11.2.0"                              // 不要变哦
OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"                            // 操作为创建实例  
GDBNAME ="orcl"                                             // 数据库实例名
SID ="orcl"                                                 // 实例名字
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"                        // 建库用的模板文件
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"                                      // SYS管理员密码
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"                                   // SYSTEM管理员密码
SYSMANPASSWORD= "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD= "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/opt/oracle/oradata                   // 数据文件存放目录
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area    // 恢复数据存放目录
CHARACTERSET ="AL32UTF8"                                    // 字符集
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16"                           // 字符集
TOTALMEMORY ="1638"                                         // 1638MB,物理内存2G*80%。
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执行命令:

$ /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/src/database/response/dbca.rsp
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes

查看实例是否运行

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
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Learn to install Oracle11g under Centos7 without graphical interface in ten minutes
修改启动和关闭实例的程序
修改文件:       /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
      /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut

将
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
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修改文件:  /etc/oratab

将
orcl:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0:N
修改为
orcl:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
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启动或者关闭实例

启动实例:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
关闭实例:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut
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五、开机启动oracle

Root用户模式下:

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

修改文件 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
在文件最后追加以下内容:

su oracle -lc "/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"su oracle -lc "/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart"
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六、测试

先登录下数据库

# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL> select * from v$version;BANNER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
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成功查出版本,安装完毕

推荐教程:《Oracle教程

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