What is the difference between vue-resource and vuex-Front-end Q&A-php.cn

The difference between vue-resource and vuex: 1. vue-resource is a plug-in for processing HTTP requests, while Vuex is a state management library specially developed for Vue.js applications; 2. From Vue2 .0 development, vue-resource is no longer updated, but vuex continues to be updated.

What is the difference between vue-resource and vuex

The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, vue2.9.6 version, DELL G3 computer.

Introduction to vue-resource

vue-resource is a very lightweight plug-in for processing HTTP requests. After Vue2.0, vue-resource will no longer be updated, but axios is recommended.

Features:

Small size: vue-resource is very small, only about 12kb after compression, and only 4.5 after enabling gzip compression on the server kb size.
Supports mainstream browsers: Except for IE browsers after IE9, which are not supported, other mainstream browsers are supported.
Support Promise API and URI Templates: Promise is a feature of ES6, used for asynchronous calculation; URI Templates represent URI templates, some similar to ASP.NET.MVC routing templates.
Support interceptors: Interceptors are global and can do some processing before and after the request is sent.

Introduction to vuex

Vuex is a state management library developed specifically for Vue.js applications. It uses centralized storage to manage the state of all components of the application, and uses corresponding rules to ensure that the state changes in a predictable way. Vuex is also integrated into Vue’s official debugging tool devtools extension, which provides advanced debugging functions such as zero-configuration time-travel debugging, status snapshot import and export, etc.

This state self-management application includes the following parts:

state, the data source that drives the application;
view, declaratively maps state to the view;
actions, responds to state changes caused by user input on the view.

In a Vue project with VueX, we only need to define these values in VueX to use them in components of the entire Vue project.

1. Installation

Since VueX is done after learning VueCli, the items that appear below are For the directory, please refer to the directory built by VueCli 2.x.

The following steps assume that you have completed building the Vue project and have moved to the file directory of the project.

Npm install Vuex
```
npm i vuex -s
```
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Create a new store folder in the root directory of the project, in this file Create index.js in the folder
At this time, the src folder of your project should be like this
```
│  App.vue
│  main.js
│
├─assets
│      logo.png
│
├─components
│      HelloWorld.vue
│
├─router
│      index.js
│
└─store
       index.js
```
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2. Use

2.1 Initialize the content in `index.js` under `store`

import Vue from &#39;vue&#39;
import Vuex from &#39;vuex&#39;

//挂载Vuex
Vue.use(Vuex)

//创建VueX对象
const store = new Vuex.Store({
    state:{
        //存放的键值对就是所要管理的状态
        name:&#39;helloVueX&#39;
    }
})

export default store

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2.2 Initialize the store Mount to the Vue instance of the current project

Open main.js

import Vue from &#39;vue&#39;
import App from &#39;./App&#39;
import router from &#39;./router&#39;
import store from &#39;./store&#39;

Vue.config.productionTip = false

/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
  el: &#39;#app&#39;,
  router,
  store,  //store:store 和router一样，将我们创建的Vuex实例挂载到这个vue实例中
  render: h => h(App)
})

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2.3 Use Vuex in the component

For example, in In App.vue, we need to use the name defined in the state to display

<template>
    <div id=&#39;app&#39;>
        name:
        <h1>{{ $store.state.name }}</h1>
    </div>
</template>

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in the h1 tag or use

...,
methods:{
    add(){
      console.log(this.$store.state.name)
    }
},
...

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in the component method. Note, please do not use this Change the value of the state in state, which will be explained later

3. Install the Vue development tool VueDevtools

in Vue During project development, it is necessary to monitor various values in the project. In order to improve efficiency, Vue provides a browser extension - VueDevtools.

What is the difference between vue-resource and vuex

在学习VueX时，更为需要使用该插件。关于该插件的使用可以移步官网，在此不再赘叙。

VueX中的核心内容

在VueX对象中，其实不止有state,还有用来操作state中数据的方法集，以及当我们需要对state中的数据需要加工的方法集等等成员。

成员列表：

state 存放状态
mutations state成员操作
getters 加工state成员给外界
actions 异步操作
modules 模块化状态管理

VueX的工作流程

What is the difference between vue-resource and vuex
Vuex官网给出的流程图

首先，Vue组件如果调用某个VueX的方法过程中需要向后端请求时或者说出现异步操作时，需要dispatch VueX中actions的方法，以保证数据的同步。可以说，action的存在就是为了让mutations中的方法能在异步操作中起作用。

如果没有异步操作，那么我们就可以直接在组件内提交状态中的Mutations中自己编写的方法来达成对state成员的操作。注意，1.3.3节中有提到，不建议在组件中直接对state中的成员进行操作，这是因为直接修改(例如：this.$store.state.name = 'hello')的话不能被VueDevtools所监控到。

最后被修改后的state成员会被渲染到组件的原位置当中去。

2 Mutations

mutations是操作state数据的方法的集合，比如对该数据的修改、增加、删除等等。

2.1 Mutations使用方法

mutations方法都有默认的形参：

([state] [,payload])

state是当前VueX对象中的state
payload是该方法在被调用时传递参数使用的

例如，我们编写一个方法，当被执行时，能把下例中的name值修改为"jack",我们只需要这样做

index.js

import Vue from &#39;vue&#39;
import Vuex from &#39;vuex&#39;

Vue.use(Vuex)

const store = new Vuex.store({
    state:{
        name:&#39;helloVueX&#39;
    },
    mutations:{
        //es6语法，等同edit:funcion(){...}
        edit(state){
            state.name = &#39;jack&#39;
        }
    }
})

export default store

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而在组件中，我们需要这样去调用这个mutation——例如在App.vue的某个method中:

this.$store.commit(&#39;edit&#39;)

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2.2 Mutation传值

在实际生产过程中，会遇到需要在提交某个mutation时需要携带一些参数给方法使用。

单个值提交时:

this.$store.commit(&#39;edit&#39;,15)

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当需要多参提交时，推荐把他们放在一个对象中来提交:

this.$store.commit(&#39;edit&#39;,{age:15,sex:&#39;男&#39;})

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接收挂载的参数：

        edit(state,payload){
            state.name = &#39;jack&#39;
            console.log(payload) // 15或{age:15,sex:&#39;男&#39;}
        }

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另一种提交方式

this.$store.commit({
    type:&#39;edit&#39;,
    payload:{
        age:15,
        sex:&#39;男&#39;
    }
})

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2.3 增删state中的成员

为了配合Vue的响应式数据，我们在Mutations的方法中，应当使用Vue提供的方法来进行操作。如果使用delete或者xx.xx = xx的形式去删或增，则Vue不能对数据进行实时响应。

Vue.set 为某个对象设置成员的值，若不存在则新增

例如对state对象中添加一个age成员

Vue.set(state,"age",15)

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Vue.delete 删除成员

将刚刚添加的age成员删除

Vue.delete(state,&#39;age&#39;)

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3 Getters

可以对state中的成员加工后传递给外界

Getters中的方法有两个默认参数

state 当前VueX对象中的状态对象
getters 当前getters对象，用于将getters下的其他getter拿来用

例如

getters:{
    nameInfo(state){
        return "姓名:"+state.name
    },
    fullInfo(state,getters){
        return getters.nameInfo+&#39;年龄:&#39;+state.age
    }  
}

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组件中调用

this.$store.getters.fullInfo

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4 Actions

由于直接在mutation方法中进行异步操作，将会引起数据失效。所以提供了Actions来专门进行异步操作，最终提交mutation方法。

Actions中的方法有两个默认参数

context 上下文(相当于箭头函数中的this)对象
payload 挂载参数

例如，我们在两秒中后执行2.2.2节中的edit方法

由于setTimeout是异步操作，所以需要使用actions

actions:{
    aEdit(context,payload){
        setTimeout(()=>{
            context.commit(&#39;edit&#39;,payload)
        },2000)
    }
}

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在组件中调用:

this.$store.dispatch(&#39;aEdit&#39;,{age:15})

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改进:

由于是异步操作，所以我们可以为我们的异步操作封装为一个Promise对象

    aEdit(context,payload){
        return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
            setTimeout(()=>{
                context.commit(&#39;edit&#39;,payload)
                resolve()
            },2000)
        })
    }

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5 modules

当项目庞大，状态非常多时，可以采用模块化管理模式。Vuex 允许我们将 store 分割成模块（module）。每个模块拥有自己的 state、mutation、action、getter、甚至是嵌套子模块——从上至下进行同样方式的分割。

modules:{
    a:{
        state:{},
        getters:{},
        ....
    }
}

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组件内调用模块a的状态：

this.$store.state.a

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而提交或者dispatch某个方法和以前一样,会自动执行所有模块内的对应type的方法：

this.$store.commit(&#39;editKey&#39;)
this.$store.dispatch(&#39;aEditKey&#39;)

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5.1 模块的细节

模块中mutations和getters中的方法接受的第一个参数是自身局部模块内部的state

modules:{
    a:{
        state:{key:5},
        mutations:{
            editKey(state){
                state.key = 9
            }
        },
        ....
    }}

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getters中方法的第三个参数是根节点状态

modules:{
    a:{
        state:{key:5},
        getters:{
            getKeyCount(state,getter,rootState){
                return  rootState.key + state.key
            }
        },
        ....
    }
}

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actions中方法获取局部模块状态是context.state,根节点状态是context.rootState

modules:{
    a:{
        state:{key:5},
        actions:{
            aEidtKey(context){
                if(context.state.key === context.rootState.key){
                    context.commit(&#39;editKey&#39;)
                }
            }
        },
        ....
    }
}

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规范目录结构

如果把整个store都放在index.js中是不合理的，所以需要拆分。比较合适的目录格式如下：

store:.
│  actions.js
│  getters.js
│  index.js
│  mutations.js
│  mutations_type.js   ##该项为存放mutaions方法常量的文件，按需要可加入
│
└─modules
        Astore.js

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对应的内容存放在对应的文件中，和以前一样，在index.js中存放并导出store。state中的数据尽量放在index.js中。而modules中的Astore局部模块状态如果多的话也可以进行细分。

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