It turns out that text carousel and image carousel can also be realized using pure CSS!

How to create text carousel and image carousel? The first thing everyone thinks of is whether to use js. In fact, text carousel and image carousel can also be realized using pure CSS. Let’s take a look at the implementation method. I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

Today, I would like to share an animation technique that can be used in actual business. [Recommended learning: css video tutorial]

Skillfully use frame-by-frame animation and tween animation to achieve an infinite loop carousel effect, like this:

Seeing the above diagram, some students can’t help but ask, isn’t this a very simple displacement animation?

Let’s do a simple analysis. On the surface, it seems that only the transform: translate() of the element is in displacement, But pay attention, there are two difficulties here :

• This is an infinite carousel effect. Our animation needs to support infinite carousel switching of any number of elements.

• Because it is a carousel Play, so when running to the last one, the animation needs to be cut to the first element

At this point, you can pause and think about it. If there are 20 elements, you need to do something similar. Infinite carousel broadcast, implemented using CSS, how would you do it?

Frame-by-frame animation control overall switching

First of all, I need to use the frame-by-frame animation effect, also known as the step easing function, using In animation-timing-function, the syntax of steps is as follows:

{
    /* Keyword values */
    animation-timing-function: step-start;
    animation-timing-function: step-end;
    /* Function values */
    animation-timing-function: steps(6, start)
    animation-timing-function: steps(4, end);
}

If you don’t know much about the syntax of steps, I strongly recommend that you read my article first Article - An in-depth explanation of CSS animation, which plays a vital role in understanding this article.

Okay, let’s use the example at the beginning of the article. Suppose we have such an HTML structure:

<div class="g-container">
  <ul>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 2222222</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 3333333</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 4444444</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 5555555</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 6666666</li>
  </ul>
</div>

First, we implement such a simple layout:

Here, to achieve the carousel effect and any number, we can use animation-timing-function: steps()：

:root {
  // 轮播的个数
  --s: 6;
  // 单个 li 容器的高度
  --h: 36;
  // 单次动画的时长
  --speed: 1.5s;
}
.g-container {
  width: 300px;
  height: calc(var(--h) * 1px);
}
ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  animation: move calc(var(--speed) * var(--s)) steps(var(--s)) infinite;
}
ul li {
  width: 100%;
}
@keyframes move {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translate(0, calc(var(--s) * var(--h) * -1px));
  }
}

Don’t panic when you see the above several CSS variables, it’s actually easy to understand:

• calc(var(--speed) * var(--s) ): The time consumption of a single animation* The number of carousels, that is, the total animation duration

• steps(var(--s)) It is the number of frames of frame-by-frame animation, here it is steps(6), which is easy to understand

• calc(var(--s) * var (--h) * -1px)) The height of a single li container * the number of carousels, which is actually the overall height of ul, used to set the end value of frame-by-frame animation

The above effect is actually as follows:

If you add overflow: hidden to the container, this is the effect :

In this way, we get the overall structure. At least, the entire effect is cyclic.

But since it is only a frame-by-frame animation, you can only see the switching, but there is no transition animation effect between each frame. So, next, we have to introduce tweening animation.

Use tweening animation to achieve switching between two sets of data

We need to use tweening animation to achieve a dynamic switching effect.

This step is actually very simple. What we have to do is to move a set of data from state A to state B using transform.

If you take one out for demonstration alone, the approximate code is as follows:

<div class="g-container">
  <ul style="--s: 6">
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 2222222</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 3333333</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 4444444</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 5555555</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 6666666</li>
  </ul>
</div>

:root {
  --h: 36;
  --speed: 1.2s;
}
ul li {
  height: 36px;
  animation: liMove calc(var(--speed)) infinite;
}
@keyframes liMove {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  80%,
  100%  {
    transform: translate(0, -36px);
  }
}

A very simple animation:

Based on the above effects, if we combine the frame-by-frame animation mentioned at the beginning with the tween animation, the overall movement of ul overlaps with the single movement of li Together:

:root {
  // 轮播的个数
  --s: 6;
  // 单个 li 容器的高度
  --h: 36;
  // 单次动画的时长
  --speed: 1.5s;
}
.g-container {
  width: 300px;
  height: calc(var(--h) * 1px);
}
ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  animation: move calc(var(--speed) * var(--s)) steps(var(--s)) infinite;
}
ul li {
  width: 100%;
  animation: liMove calc(var(--speed)) infinite;
}
@keyframes move {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translate(0, calc(var(--s) * var(--h) * -1px));
  }
}
@keyframes liMove {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  80%,
  100%  {
    transform: translate(0, calc(var(--h) * -1px));
  }
}

can get such an effect:

##Wow, a magical chemical reaction has occurred! Based on the combination of

frame-by-frame animation and tween animation, we have almost achieved a carousel effect.

当然，有一点瑕疵，可以看到，最后一组数据，是从第六组数据 transform 移动向了一组空数据：

末尾填充头部第一组数据

实际开发过轮播的同学肯定知道，这里，其实也很好处理，我们只需要在末尾，补一组头部的第一个数据即可：

改造下我们的 HTML：

<div class="g-container">
  <ul>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 2222222</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 3333333</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 4444444</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 5555555</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 6666666</li>
    <!--末尾补一个首条数据-->
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
  </ul>
</div>

这样，我们再看看效果：

Beautiful！如果你还有所疑惑，我们给容器加上 overflow: hidden，实际效果如下，通过额外添加的最后一组数据，我们的整个动画刚好完美的衔接上，一个完美的轮播效果：

完整的代码，你可以戳这里：CodePen Demo -- Vertical Infinity Loop

https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/RwQVByx

横向无限轮播

当然，实现了竖直方向的轮播，横向的效果也是一样的。

并且，我们可以通过在 HTML 结构中，通过 style 内填写 CSS 变量值，传入实际的 li 个数，以达到根据不同 li 个数适配不同动画：

<div class="g-container">
  <ul style="--s: 6">
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 2222222</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 3333333</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 4444444</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 5555555</li>
    <li>Lorem ipsum 6666666</li>
    <!--末尾补一个首尾数据-->
    <li>Lorem ipsum 1111111</li>
  </ul>
</div>

整个动画的 CSS 代码基本是一致的，我们只需要改变两个动画的 transform 值，从竖直位移，改成水平位移即可：

:root {
  --w: 300;
  --speed: 1.5s;
}
.g-container {
  width: calc(--w * 1px);
  overflow: hidden;
}
ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
   animation: move calc(var(--speed) * var(--s)) steps(var(--s)) infinite;
}
ul li {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  animation: liMove calc(var(--speed)) infinite;
}
@keyframes move {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translate(calc(var(--s) * var(--w) * -1px), 0);
  }
}
@keyframes liMove {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0);
  }
  80%,
  100%  {
    transform: translate(calc(var(--w) * -1px), 0);
  }
}

这样，我们就轻松的转化为了横向的效果：

完整的代码，你可以戳这里：CodePen Demo -- Horizontal Infinity Loop

https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/JjpNBXY

轮播图？不在话下

OK，上面的只是文字版的轮播，那如果是图片呢？

没问题，方法都是一样的。基于上述的代码，我们可以轻松地将它修改一下后得到图片版的轮播效果。

代码都是一样的，就不再列出来，直接看看效果：

完整的代码，你可以戳这里：CodePen Demo -- Horizontal Image Infinity Loop

https://codepen.io/Chokcoco/pen/GRQvqgq

掌握了这个技巧之后，你可以将它运用在非常多只需要简化版的轮播效果之上。

再简单总结一下，非常有意思的技巧：

• 利用 逐帧动画，实现整体的轮播的循环效果

• 利用 补间动画，实现具体的 状态A 向 状态B* 的动画效果

• 逐帧动画 配合 补间动画 构成整体轮播的效果

• 通过向 HTML 结构末尾补充一组头部数据，实现整体动画的衔接

• 通过 HTML 元素的 style 标签，利用 CSS 变量，填入实际的参与循环的 DOM 个数，可以实现 JavaScript 与 CSS 的打通

（学习视频分享：web前端）

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