This article brings you relevant knowledge about python, which mainly introduces the basic elements of selenium and issues related to keyboard and mouse simulation events, including the use of Keys module to simulate keyboard operation events. , use the Action class to simulate mouse operation events, etc. Let’s take a look at it together. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
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When we locate a specific element, we can specify the element operations, such as the click operation performed in the previous chapter. This is the simplest operation, webdriver There are other operations. For example, basic operations of elements (click, input, clear), as well as some advanced operations such as mouse and keyboard simulation events, pop-up box processing, multi-page switching, etc... These are all things that we need to understand, and they are often used when doing automated testing. Some basic scenarios encountered. In today's chapter, let's first learn the basic operations of elements and the operation of mouse and keyboard simulation events.
Use the local form.html file we used before to practice the basic click, input, and clear operations of elements.
The code example is as follows:
# coding:utf-8
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 启动 Chrome浏览器的 driver
driver.maximize_window() # Chrome 浏览器最大化
driver.get('file:///Users/workspace/WEB_TEST_HTML/form.html') # 打开本地的 "form.html" 文件
sleep(1)
email_element = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="inputEmail"]') # 通过 xpath 定位 Email 输入框。
email_element.send_keys('username') # Email 输入框输入 "username"
sleep(1)
email_element.clear() # 清除 Email 输入框内容
sleep(1)
email_element.send_keys('admin') # Email 输入框输入 "admin"
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="inputPassword"]').send_keys('123456') # Password 输入框输入 "123456"
sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/form/div[3]/div/button').click() # 通过 xpath 定位 "Sign in" 按钮并点击
driver.quit()The running results are as follows:
The above are elements Basic operations are actually the simplest and most basic operations. Next, let's continue to look at more difficult operations ---> Mouse and keyboard simulation event operations.
Use our local sendkeys.html file to implement mouse and keyboard simulation event operation. sendkeys.html The page elements of the file are as follows:
ps: Using the Keys module requires an import operation: "from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys"
# coding:utf-8
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 启动 Chrome浏览器的 driver
driver.maximize_window() # Chrome 浏览器最大化
driver.get('file:///Users/workspace/WEB_TEST_HTML/sendkeys.html') # 打开本地的 "form.html" 文件
sleep(1)
# 这里需要注意一下，因为我使用的是 Mac ，所以键盘 ctrl 事件是 "Keys.COMMAND" ，如果是 Win 系统的话，ctrl 事件是 "Keys.CONTROL"
driver.find_element_by_id('A').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'a')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = A" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + a
driver.find_element_by_id('A').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'x')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = A" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + x
sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('B').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'v')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = B" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + v
sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('B').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'a')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = B" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + a
sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('B').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'c')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = B" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + c
sleep(1)
driver.find_element_by_id('A').send_keys((Keys.COMMAND, 'v')) # 通过 id 定位 "id = A" 的元素，执行键盘事件 command + v
sleep(1)
driver.quit()
PS: There are not many scenarios for simulating mouse operations. Just understand. At the same time, the Action class needs to execute "from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains"
PS: It will not happen in the actual scene It uses very complex mouse operation events to writekey_down: Simulate a mouse button press
- key_up: Simulate a mouse button pop-up
- click: Simulate a mouse button click (click)
- context_click: Click the right mouse button
- double_click: Simulate a mouse button click (double-click)
- send_keys: Send a key to the currently focused element
- click_and_hold: Click Left mouse button, do not release (drag)
- release: release, release the pressed mouse button
- move_to: move the mouse to...
- drag_and_drop: drag and drop Get up and throw it away...
- perform: No matter what operation is done, you need to
- perform
in the end to submit
automated Case, so what we demonstrate is also a relatively simple scenario.
Simulating mouse events The code example is as follows:
# coding:utf-8
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
driver = webdriver.Chrome() # 启动 Chrome浏览器的 driver
driver.maximize_window() # Chrome 浏览器最大化
driver.get('file:///Users/workspace/WEB_TEST_HTML/sendkeys.html') # 打开本地的 "form.html" 文件
sleep(1)
# 这里需要注意一下，因为我使用的是 Mac ，所以键盘 ctrl 事件是 "Keys.COMMAND" ，如果是 Win 系统的话，ctrl 事件是 "Keys.CONTROL"
double_click_element = driver.find_element_by_id('A')
# 通过 id 定位 "id = A" 的元素赋值给 double_click_element
ActionChains(driver).double_click(double_click_element).context_click(double_click_element).perform()
# 通过 ActionChains 类将 "driver" 转换，先双击、然后执行右击操作【这种串联起来的操作，叫做链式用法，可以根据这个链一直往下写】
sleep(2)
ActionChains(driver).context_click(double_click_element).perform()
# 通过 ActionChains 类将 "driver" 转换，然后执行右击操作
sleep(2)
driver.quit()
Action class to implement the simulation of some special scenes. The more commonly used ones are double-click, right-click, drag and other scenes are used slightly more, and other scenes use Action There will be very few categories.
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