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Let's take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

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Release: 2022-08-03 15:23:33
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This article brings you relevant knowledge about css, which mainly introduces the related issues about transform transformation and transitions transition. Let’s take a look at the transformation and transition effects of CSS boxes. I hope Helpful to everyone.

Let's take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(Learning video sharing: css video tutorial, html video tutorial)

transform transformation

Grammar:

transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate |matrix;
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1. translate(x,y) Set the box displacement

(1) 1. translate([ , ]): Specify a 2D translation through the vector [tx, ty], tx is the first transition value parameter, and ty is the second transition value parameter option. If is not provided, ty has 0 as its value. That is, translate(x,y), which means that the object is translated according to the set x, y parameter values. When the value is a negative number, the object is moved in the opposite direction. Its base point defaults to the center point of the element, or it can also be based on transform-origin. Make a base point change. For example, transform:translate(100px,20px):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(2) translateX(): Specify a translation by giving a number in the X direction . Only move the element towards the x-axis. Similarly, its base point is the center point of the element. You can also change the position of the base point according to transform-origin. For example: transform: translate Only move to the Y axis, the base point is at the center point of the element, and the position of the base point can be changed through transform-origin. For example: transform:translateY(20px):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

2, scale(x,y) Set the box scaling

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

scale and scale Moving translate is very similar. It also has three situations: scale(x,y) causes the element to scale horizontally and vertically at the same time (that is, the X-axis and Y-axis scale simultaneously); scaleX(x) only scales the element horizontally ( X-axis scaling); scaleY(y) elements only scale vertically (Y-axis scaling), but they have the same scaling center point and base. The center point is the center position of the element, and the scaling base is 1. If its value is greater than 1 The element will be enlarged, otherwise its value is less than 1, and the element will be reduced. Let’s take a closer look at the specific usage of these three situations:

(1) scale([, ]): Provides two methods for performing [sx,sy] scaling vectors The parameter specifies a 2D scale. If the second parameter is not provided, it takes the same value as the first parameter. scale(X,Y) is used to scale the element. You can set the base point of the element through transform-origin. The base point is also at the center of the element. In the base, X represents the horizontal scaling multiple, and Y represents the vertical scaling multiple. , and Y is an optional parameter. If the Y value is not set, it means that the scaling factors in the X and Y directions are the same. And subject to X. For example: transform:scale(2,1.5):

(2) scaleX(): Use the [sx,1] scaling vector to perform the scaling operation, sx are the required parameters. scaleX means that the element only scales the element along the X-axis (horizontal direction). Its default value is (1,1). Its base point is also at the center of the element. We also change the base point of the element through transform-origin. For example: transform:scaleX(2):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

## (3) scaleY(): Use the [1,sy] scaling vector to perform the scaling operation, sy is the Parameters required. scaleY means that the element only scales the element on the Y axis (vertical direction), and its base point is also at the center of the element. You can change the base point of the element through transform-origin. For example, transform:scaleY(2):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

##3, rotate(deg) sets the box rotation

rotate( ): Specify a 2D rotation (2D rotation) on the original element through the specified angle parameter. The transform-origin attribute must first be defined. Transform-origin defines the base point of rotation, where angle refers to the rotation angle. If the set value is a positive number, it means clockwise rotation. If the set value is a negative number, it means counterclockwise rotation. For example: transform:rotate(30deg):Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

4. skew(x-angle,y-angle) sets the box skew

扭曲skew和translate、scale一样同样具有三种情况:skew(x,y)使元素在水平和垂直方向同时扭曲(X轴和Y轴同时按一定的角度值进行扭曲变形);skewX(x)仅使元素在水平方向扭曲变形(X轴扭曲变形);skewY(y)仅使元素在垂直方向扭曲变形(Y轴扭曲变形),具体使用如下:

(1)skew( [, ]) :X轴Y轴上的skew transformation(斜切变换)。第一个参数对应X轴,第二个参数对应Y轴。如果第二个参数未提供,则值为0,也就是Y轴方向上无斜切。skew是用来对元素进行扭曲变行,第一个参数是水平方向扭曲角度,第二个参数是垂直方向扭曲角度。其中第二个参数是可选参数,如果没有设置第二个参数,那么Y轴为0deg。同样是以元素中心为基点,我们也可以通过transform-origin来改变元素的基点位置。如:transform:skew(30deg,10deg):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(2)skewX() : 按给定的角度沿X轴指定一个skew transformation(斜切变换)。skewX是使元素以其中心为基点,并在水平方向(X轴)进行扭曲变行,同样可以通过transform-origin来改变元素的基点。如:transform:skewX(30deg)

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(3)skewY() : 按给定的角度沿Y轴指定一个skew transformation(斜切变换)。skewY是用来设置元素以其中心为基点并按给定的角度在垂直方向(Y轴)扭曲变形。同样我们可以通过transform-origin来改变元素的基点。如:transform:skewY(10deg)

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

5、perspective 设置透视距离

6、transform-style flat | preserve-3d 设置盒子是否按3d空间显示

7、translateX、translateY、translateZ 设置三维移动

8、rotateX、rotateY、rotateZ 设置三维旋转

9、scaleX、scaleY、scaleZ 设置三维缩放

10、tranform-origin 设置变形的中心点

主要作用就是让我们在进行transform动作之前可以改变元素的基点位置,因为我们元素默认基点就是其中心位置,换句话说我们没有使用transform-origin改变元素基点位置的情况下,transform进行的rotate,translate,scale,skew,matrix等操作都是以元素自己中心位置进行变化的。但有时候我们需要在不同的位置对元素进行这些操作,那么我们就可以使用transform-origin来对元素进行基点位置改变,使元素基点不在是中心位置,以达到你需要的基点位置。下面我们主要来看看其使用规则:

transform-origin(X,Y):用来设置元素的运动的基点(参照点)。默认点是元素的中心点。其中X和Y的值可以是百分值,em,px,其中X也可以是字符参数值left,center,right;Y和X一样除了百分值外还可以设置字符值top,center,bottom,这个看上去有点像我们background-position设置一样;下面我列出他们相对应的写法:

*top left | left top 等价于 0 0 | 0% 0%
*top | top center | center top 等价于 50% 0
*III、right top | top right 等价于 100% 0
*left | left center | center left 等价于 0 50% | 0% 50%
*center | center center 等价于 50% 50%(默认值)
*right | right center | center right 等价于 100% 50%
*bottom left | left bottom 等价于 0 100% | 0% 100%
*bottom | bottom center | center bottom 等价于 50% 100%
*bottom right | right bottom 等价于 100% 100%
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其中 left,center right是水平方向取值,对应的百分值为left=0%;center=50%;right=100%而top center bottom是垂直方向的取值,其中top=0%;center=50%;bottom=100%;如果只取一个值,表示垂直方向值不变,我们分别来看看以下几个实例

(1)transform-origin:(left,top):

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(2)transform-origin:right

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

(3)transform-origin(25%,75%)

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

11、backface-visibility 设置盒子背面是否可见

transform在不同浏览器内核下的书写规则

//Mozilla内核浏览器:firefox3.5+
-moz-transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate ;
//Webkit内核浏览器:Safari and Chrome
-webkit-transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate ;
//Opera
-o-transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate ;
//IE9
-ms-transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate ;
//W3C标准
transform: rotate | scale | skew | translate ;
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transition主要包含四个属性值:执行变换的属性:transition-property,变换延续的时间:transition-duration,在延续时间段,变换的速率变化transition-timing-function,变换延迟时间transition-delay。下面分别来看这四个属性值

  • transition-property:

语法:

transition-property : none | all | [ <IDENT> ] [ &#39;,&#39; <IDENT> ]*
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transition-property是用来指定当元素其中一个属性改变时执行transition效果,其主要有以下几个值:none(没有属性改变);all(所有属性改变)这个也是其默认值;indent(元素属性名)。当其值为none时,transition马上停止执行,当指定为all时,则元素产生任何属性值变化时都将执行transition效果,ident是可以指定元素的某一个属性值。其对应的类型如下:

1、color: 通过红、绿、蓝和透明度组件变换(每个数值处理)如:background-color,border-color,color,outline-color等css属性;

2、length: 真实的数字 如:word-spacing,width,vertical-align,top,right,bottom,left,padding,outline-width,margin,min-width,min-height,max-width,max-height,line-height,height,border-width,border-spacing,background-position等属性;

3、percentage:真实的数字 如:word-spacing,width,vertical-align,top,right,bottom,left,min-width,min-height,max-width,max-height,line-height,height,background-position等属性;

4、integer离散步骤(整个数字),在真实的数字空间,以及使用floor()转换为整数时发生 如:outline-offset,z-index等属性;

5、number真实的(浮点型)数值,如:zoom,opacity,font-weight,等属性;

6、transform list:详情请参阅:《CSS3 Transform》

7、rectangle:通过x, y, width 和 height(转为数值)变换,如:crop

8、visibility: 离散步骤,在0到1数字范围之内,0表示“隐藏”,1表示完全“显示”,如:visibility

9、shadow: 作用于color, x, y 和 blur(模糊)属性,如:text-shadow

10、gradient: 通过每次停止时的位置和颜色进行变化。它们必须有相同的类型(放射状的或是线性的)和相同的停止数值以便执行动画,如:background-image

11、paint server (SVG): 只支持下面的情况:从gradient到gradient以及color到color,然后工作与上面类似

12、space-separated list of above:如果列表有相同的项目数值,则列表每一项按照上面的规则进行变化,否则无变化

13、a shorthand property: 如果缩写的所有部分都可以实现动画,则会像所有单个属性变化一样变化

具体什么css属性可以实现transition效果,在W3C官网中列出了所有可以实现transition效果的CSS属性值以及值的类型,大家可以点这里了解详情。这里需要提醒一点是,并不是什么属性改变都为触发transition动作效果,比如页面的自适应宽度,当浏览器改变宽度时,并不会触发transition的效果。但上述表格所示的属性类型改变都会触发一个transition动作效果。

  • transition-duration:

语法:

transition-duration : <time> [, <time>]
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transition-duration是用来指定元素 转换过程的持续时间,取值:

  • transition-timing-function:

语法:

transition-timing-function : ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number>, <number>, <number>, <number>) [, ease | linear | ease-in | ease-out | ease-in-out | cubic-bezier(<number>, <number>, <number>, <number>)]
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取值:

transition-timing-function的值允许你根据时间的推进去改变属性值的变换速率,transition-timing-function有6个可能值:

1、ease:(逐渐变慢)默认值,ease函数等同于贝塞尔曲线(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0).

2、linear:(匀速),linear 函数等同于贝塞尔曲线(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0).

3、ease-in:(加速),ease-in 函数等同于贝塞尔曲线(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0).

4、ease-out:(减速),ease-out 函数等同于贝塞尔曲线(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0).

5、ease-in-out:(加速然后减速),ease-in-out 函数等同于贝塞尔曲线(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0)

6、cubic-bezier:(该值允许你去自定义一个时间曲线), 特定的cubic-bezier曲线。 (x1, y1, x2, y2)四个值特定于曲线上点P1和点P2。所有值需在[0, 1]区域内,否则无效。

其是cubic-bezier为通过贝赛尔曲线来计算“转换”过程中的属性值,如下曲线所示,通过改变P1(x1, y1)和P2(x2, y2)的坐标可以改变整个过程的Output Percentage。初始默认值为default.

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

其他几个属性的示意图:

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

  • transition-delay:

语法:

transition-delay : <time> [, <time>]*
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transition-delay是用来指定一个动画开始执行的时间,也就是说当改变元素属性值后多长时间开始执行transition效果,其取值:

有时我们不只改变一个css效果的属性,而是想改变两个或者多个css属性的transition效果,那么我们只要把几个transition的声明串在一起,用逗号(“,”)隔开,然后各自可以有各自不同的延续时间和其时间的速率变换方式。但需要值得注意的一点:transition-delay与transition-duration的值都是时间,所以要区分它们在连写中的位置,一般浏览器会根据先后顺序决定,第一个可以解析为时间的怭值为transition-duration第二个为transition-delay。如:

a {
-moz-transition: background 0.5s ease-in,color 0.3s ease-out;
-webkit-transition: background 0.5s ease-in,color 0.3s ease-out;
-o-transition: background 0.5s ease-in,color 0.3s ease-out;
transition: background 0.5s ease-in,color 0.3s ease-out;
}
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如果你想给元素执行所有transition效果的属性,那么我们还可以利用all属性值来操作,此时他们共享同样的延续时间以及速率变换方式,如:

a {
-moz-transition: all 0.5s ease-in;
-webkit-transition: all 0.5s ease-in;
-o-transition: all 0.5s ease-in;
transition: all 0.5s ease-in;
}
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综合上述我们可以给transition一个速记法:transition: 如下图所示:

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

相对应的一个示例代码:

p {
-webkit-transition: all .5s ease-in-out 1s;
-o-transition: all .5s ease-in-out 1s;
-moz-transition: all .5s ease-in-out 1s;
transition: all .5s ease-in-out 1s;
}
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浏览器的兼容性:

Lets take a look at the transformation and transition effects of boxes using CSS

因为transition最早是有由webkit内核浏览器提出来的,mozilla和opera都是最近版本才支持这个属性,而我们的大众型浏览器IE全家都是不支持,另外由于各大现代浏览器Firefox,Safari,Chrome,Opera都还不支持W3C的标准写法,所以在应用transition时我们有必要加上各自的前缀,最好在放上我们W3C的标准写法,这样标准的会覆盖前面的写法,只要浏览器支持我们的transition属性,那么这种效果就会自动加上去:

//Mozilla内核
-moz-transition : [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;> [, [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;>]]*
//Webkit内核
-webkit-transition : [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;> [, [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;>]]*
//Opera
-o-transition : [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;> [, [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;>]]*
//W3C 标准
transition : [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;> [, [<&#39;transition-property&#39;> || <&#39;transition-duration&#39;> || <&#39;transition-timing-function&#39;> || <&#39;transition-delay&#39;>]]*
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transitions过渡

CSS transitions 可以决定哪些属性发生动画效果 (明确地列出这些属性),何时开始 (设置 delay),持续多久 (设置 duration) 以及如何动画 (定义timing function,比如匀速地或先快后慢)。

过渡三要素

过渡三要素:

  • 必须属性变化

  • 有过渡对象

  • 持续多长

过渡触发

  • :hover 鼠标悬停触发

  • :active 用户单击元素并按住鼠标时触发

  • :focus 获得焦点时触发

  • @media触发 符合媒体查询条件时触发

  • 点击事件 用户点击元素时触发

属性:

transition-property:

规定应用过渡的 CSS 属性的名称

  • none 没有属性会获得过渡效果

  • all 所有属性

  • property 定义应用过渡效果的 CSS 属性名称列表,列表以逗号分隔

transition-duration:

定义过渡效果花费的时间。默认是 0。默认就是没有效果

transition-timing-function

规定过渡效果的时间曲线。默认是 "ease"。

  • linear 匀速(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,1,1))。

  • ease 慢速-变快-慢速结束的过渡效果(cubic-bezier(0.25,0.1,0.25,1))。

  • ease-in 慢速开始的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,1,1))

  • ease-out 慢速结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0,0,0.58,1))。

  • ease-in-out 慢速开始和结束的过渡效果(等于 cubic-bezier(0.42,0,0.58,1))。

  • cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) 在 cubic-bezier 函数中定义自己的值。可能的值是 0 至 1 之间的数值。

transition-delay

规定过渡效果何时开始。默认是 0---延迟时间,建议用秒

速写:

transition: 过渡属性 过渡时长 运动速度 延迟时间;

eg:transition: width 5s linear 0s,background-color 5s linear 0s;

连写可以省略后两个参数,因为前两个写了就满足过渡三要素了

注意:
a.触发动作里面要指定属性变化的结果

b.当从本地拿一个图片时只需要设置宽即可,高可以自己适应比例,如果设置了高,后期设计到变形就不会等比例缩小或者扩大

实例运用:

1.过渡时间曲线动画

先上个效果图:

代码:

<body>
    <!-- 速写 ul>li*5 -->
    <ul>
        <li>linear</li>
        <li>ease</li>
        <li>ease-in</li>
        <li>ease-out</li>
        <li>ease-in-out</li>
    </ul>

</body>


<style>
    *{
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        /* 列表样式:无(即去掉li前面的小圆点) */
        list-style: none;
    }
    ul{
        width: 500px;
        height: 500px;
        border: 1px solid;
        /* 让整个在视口区居中 */
        margin: 40px auto;
    }
    ul li{
        width: 100px;
        height: 50px;
        margin-top: 45px;
        background-color: aqua;
    }

    /* 给内存li全部设置了 移入ul  li向右游动 */
    ul:hover li{
        margin-left: 500px;
    }
    /* 匀速变化 */
    ul li:first-child{
        transition: margin-left 4s linear;
    }
    /* 慢快慢 */
    ul li:nth-child(2){
        transition: margin-left 4s ease;
    }
    /* 慢--加快---结束 */
    ul li:nth-child(3){
        transition: margin-left 4s ease-in;
    }
    /* 慢结束 */
    ul li:nth-child(4){
        /* background-color: red; */
        transition: margin-left 4s ease-out;
    }
    /* 慢速开始,慢速结束,中间较快 */
    ul li:last-child{
        transition: margin-left 4s ease-in-out;
    }
</style>
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2.文字放大效果

先上个效果图:

<body>
    <p>
        <span>玛</span>
        <span>咔</span>
        <span>吧</span>
        <span>咔</span>
    </p>
</body>


<style>
    p{
        height: 200px;
        background-color: red;
        margin-top: 100px;
        text-align: center;
        
    }
    p span{
        /* 垂直居中  内层元素行高=外层元素height */
        line-height: 200px;
        font-size: 32px;
        transition: font-size 2s linear;
    }
    p:hover span{
        font-size: 90px;
    }
</style>
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3.手风琴

效果图:

<body>
    <ul>
        <li><img src="./images/ad7.jpeg" alt=""></li>
        <li><img src="./images/ad8.jpg" alt=""></li>
        <li><img src="./images/ad9.jpeg" alt=""></li>
        <li><img src="./images/ad10.jpg" alt=""></li>
        <li><img src="./images/ad11.jpg" alt=""></li>
        <li><img src="./images/ad12.jpg" alt=""></li>
    </ul>
</body>


<style>
    *{
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        list-style: none;
    }
    ul{
        width: 920px;
        height: 300px;
        border: 1px solid;
        margin: 500px auto;
        overflow: hidden;
        /* display: flex; */
        
    }
    ul li{
        width: 150px;
        height: 300px;
        /* 清洁浮动 */
        float: left;
        transition: width 0.5s ;
    }
    /* html文档执行顺序是自上而下的 */
    ul:hover li{
        width: 100px;
    }
    /*鼠标移动  图片变为400px */
   ul li:hover{
        width: 400px;
    }
</style>
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4. 米兔过渡

效果图:

<body>
    <p class="box1"></p>
</body>


<style>
    .box1{
        /* 先给一只兔子的宽高 */
        width: 100px;
        height: 200px;
        background-image: url(./images/兔子.png);
        /* 居中 */
        margin:0 auto;
        /* 设置背景图像的起始位置。 */
        background-position: 0 0;
        transition: 1s steps(3);
    }
    .box1:hover{
        background-position: -300px 0;
    }
</style>
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(学习视频分享:css视频教程html视频教程

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source:jianshu.com
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