The development process of computer networks can be roughly divided into several stages

The development process of computer networks can be roughly divided into four stages: 1. The birth stage from the early 1960s to the mid-1960s, when computers and terminals were interconnected to achieve remote access; 2. The mid-1960s to the mid-1970s In the formation stage, packet switching technology realizes communication between computers; 3. In the interconnection stage from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the formation of network system institutions and the standardization of network protocols; 4. The high-speed network that began in the late 1980s In the technology stage, a series of new network technologies such as Fast Ethernet and optical fiber distributed digital interfaces have emerged.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, DELL G3 computer.

The development process of computer network can be roughly divided into four stages

The four stages of computer network development

The first stage (from the early 1960s to the mid-1960s)

Computer communication network is characterized by the interconnection of computers and terminals to achieve remote access. The first generation computer network is composed of a host, a communication line, and a terminal, which can only be regarded as the prototype of a computer network.

(1) Stand-alone system with remote communication function

solves the problem of multiple users sharing host resources. The terminal is a dumb terminal. It does not have its own CPU, memory and hard disk, and has no processing capabilities.

There are problems: the host is heavily burdened and communication costs are high.

(2) Multi-machine system with remote communication function

solves the problem of heavy host load and expensive communication cost.

There is a problem: multiple users can only share one host resource.

The second stage (from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s):

Using packet switching technology to realize computer-computer communication, The structure and concepts of computer networks have changed, forming the network structure of communication subnets and resource subnets.

(1) The second generation computer network is the "formation and development" stage of computer networks

(2) The ARPA network in the United States is the representative of the second generation network

The main problem: the network is not transparent to users.

The third stage (from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s):

The modern computer network interconnection stage is characterized by the network architecture Formation and standardization of network protocols.

On the basis of computer communication systems, we attach great importance to the research of network architecture and protocol standardization, establish unified communication rules for the entire network, and use communication protocol software to realize communication within the network and between networks. Through the network operating system, network resources are managed, which greatly simplifies the use of users and enables the computer network to provide transparent services to users.

(1) There has been a breakthrough in local area network technology.

This stage began in the late 1970s. This was a computer network built in accordance with the OSI reference model proposed by ISO as a guiding standard.

The third generation computer network is the "mature" stage of computer networks.

(2) Characteristics of the third generation computer network

The formation of network architecture and standardization of network protocols

Establishing unified communication rules for the entire network

Make computer networks provide transparent services to users

The fourth stage – high-speed, integrated network:

This stage began in the late 1980s , a series of new network technologies such as Fast Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Digital Interface (FDDI), fast packet switching technology (including Frame Relay, ATM), Gigabit Ethernet, B-ISDN and so on have emerged. This is high-speed and integrated stage of computer network.

The Internet is a typical representative of this generation of networks and has become the most important and largest treasure trove of knowledge for mankind. The fourth generation computer network belongs to the "continued development" stage of computer networks.

Divide the development of computer networks into four stages:

• First generation: terminal-oriented computer network

• Second Generation: Computer Communication Network

• Third Generation: Computer Internet Network

• Fourth Generation: Broadband Comprehensive Business Digital Network (Information Highway)

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