What are the three major operating systems in the world?

Three major operating systems: 1. Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft based on a graphical user interface. It is mainly used in computers, smart phones and other devices. 2. macOS is an operating system developed by Apple that runs on Macintosh series computers. It is a graphical operating system based on the XNU hybrid kernel. 3. Linux is a UNIX-like operating system that is free to use and spread freely. It is a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system based on POSIX that supports multi-threading and multi-CPU.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The operating system (English: Operating System, abbreviation: OS) is a set of interrelated system software programs that supervises and controls computer operations, uses and runs hardware and software resources, and provides public services to organize user interaction.

windows, macOS, and linux are the three mainstream operating systems today. Ordinary users generally choose windows or macOS, and linux mainly occupies the server market.

Linux may be unfamiliar to many people because it is mainly used for servers, although there are also graphical interface system versions similar to Windows and MacOS, such as Ubuntu.

1. Windows

Microsoft Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation of the United States based on a graphical user interface. It is mainly used in computers and smart phones. Mobile phones and other devices. There are sub-series such as regular version, server version (Windows Server), mobile version (Windows Phone), embedded version (Windows PE), etc. It is one of the most widely used operating systems in the world.

• The Windows operating system has excellent human-machine operability

  The operating system is a platform for people to communicate using computer hardware. Without good human-machine operability, it will be difficult to attract the masses User use. In the field of mobile phones, Nokia mobile phones can occupy half of the mobile phone market. The good interactivity of the mobile phone operating system is one of the important factors for its success, and its rapid decline is also due to the outdated operating system. The Windows operating system can be used as the mainstream operating system for personal computers, and its excellent human-machine operability is an important factor. The Windows operating system has a friendly interface, beautifully crafted windows, easy to learn operating actions, good inheritance among multiple generations of systems, and high computer resource management efficiency and good results.

• The Windows operating system supports many application software

  As an excellent operating system, the Windows operating system controls the interface and design and publishes standards by Microsoft, which develops the operating system. , therefore, there are a large number of commercial companies developing commercial software on this operating system. A large number of application software in the Windows operating system provide convenience to customers. These application software have a full range of categories, complete functions, and good user experience. For example, the Windows operating system has a large number of multimedia application software to collect and manage multimedia resources. Customers only need to use these commercial software developed based on the system to enjoy the joy of multimedia.

• Windows operating system has good hardware support

  Good adaptability to hardware is an important feature of Windows operating system. The Windows operating system supports multiple hardware platforms and provides a broad and free development environment for hardware manufacturers, which encourages these hardware companies to choose to match the Windows operating system. It also encourages the continuous improvement and improvement of the Windows operating system. At the same time, the improvement of hardware technology, It also provides support for the expansion of operating system functions. In addition, the operating system supports hot-swapping of a variety of hardware, which is convenient for users and has been welcomed by the majority of users.

2. macOS

Mac OS is a set of operating systems developed by Apple that run on Macintosh series computers. system. Mac OS is the first commercially successful graphical user interface operating system.

Mac OS is a graphical operating system based on the XNU hybrid kernel. It is generally an operating system that cannot be installed on an ordinary PC. Mac OS (Hackintosh) running on PC is also available online.

Mac OS can be divided into two series of operating systems:

• One is the old and no longer supported "Classic" Mac OS (the system was launched in 1984 The first Mac sold in 2007 and its descendants, the ultimate version is Mac OS 9). Using Mach as the kernel, it was called "System x.xx" before MacOS 7.6.

• The new Mac OS X combines elements of BSD Unix, OpenStep and Mac OS 9. Its lowest level is based on Unix, its code is called Darwin, and it implements part of the open source code.

3、linux

Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a UNIX-like operating system that is free to use and freely disseminated. Its kernel was first released by Linus Benedikt Torvalds on October 5, 1991. It is mainly inspired by the ideas of Minix and Unix. It is a POSIX-based multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system. It can run major Unix software tools, applications and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the network-centric design philosophy of Unix and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance. There are hundreds of different Linux distributions, such as Debian and Archlinux based on community development, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE, Oracle Linux, etc. based on commercial development.

Main features

• Basic idea

  The basic idea of ​​Linux has two points: first, everything is a file; Second, each file has a definite purpose. The first one is that everything in the system is boiled down to a file, including commands, hardware and software devices, operating systems, processes, etc. For the operating system kernel, they are all regarded as files with their own characteristics or types. . As for Linux being based on Unix, it is largely because the basic ideas of the two are very similar.

• Completely free

  Linux is a free operating system that users can obtain for free through the Internet or other channels, and can modify its source code at will. This is something other operating systems cannot do. It is precisely because of this that countless programmers from all over the world have participated in the modification and writing of Linux. Programmers can change it according to their own interests and inspirations. This allows Linux to absorb the essence of countless programmers and continue to grow.

• Fully compatible with POSIX1.0 standard

  This makes it possible to run common DOS and Windows programs through corresponding emulators under Linux. This lays the foundation for users to switch from Windows to Linux. When many users consider using Linux, they think about whether programs that were previously common under Windows can run normally, and this eliminates their doubts.

• Multi-user, multi-tasking

  Linux supports multiple users. Each user has its own special rights for its own file device, ensuring that users do not affect each other. . Multitasking is one of the most important features of modern computers. Linux can enable multiple programs to run simultaneously and independently.

• Good interface

  Linux has both character interface and graphical interface. In the character interface, users can input corresponding instructions through the keyboard to perform operations. It also provides an X-Window system similar to the Windows graphical interface, which users can operate using the mouse. The X-Window environment is similar to Windows. It can be said to be a Linux version of Windows.

• Support multiple platforms

  Linux can run on a variety of hardware platforms, such as platforms with x86, 680x0, SPARC, Alpha and other processors. In addition, Linux is an embedded operating system that can run on handheld computers, set-top boxes or game consoles. The Linux 2.4 kernel released in January 2001 has fully supported the Intel64-bit chip architecture. At the same time, Linux also supports multi-processor technology. Multiple processors work at the same time, greatly improving system performance.

Advantages

1.Linux is composed of many microkernels, and its source code is completely open source;

2.Linux inheritance It has the characteristics of Unix and has very powerful network functions. It supports all Internet protocols, including TCP/IPv4, TCP/IPv6 and link layer topology programs, etc., and can use the network characteristics of Unix to develop new protocol stacks;

3. The Linux system tool chain is complete, and a suitable development environment can be configured with simple operations, which can simplify the development process, reduce obstacles to simulation tools in development, and make the system highly portable;

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