CSS Tips Sharing: Pure CSS to Implement Table Responsive Layout
如何利用纯CSS实现表格响应式布局?下面本篇文章就来给大家分享超 Nice 的表格响应式布局小技巧,希望对大家有所帮助!
今天,遇到了一个很有意思的问题,一名群友问我,仅仅使用 CSS,能否实现这样一种响应式的布局效果:
简单解析一下效果:
在屏幕视口较为宽时,表现为一个整体 Table 的样式
而当屏幕视口宽度较小时,原 Table 的每一行数据单独拆分为一个 Table 进行展示
很有意思的一个响应式布局,让信息在小屏幕下得到了一种不错的展示。
那么,仅仅使用 CSS 的话,能否实现这样一个布局呢?答案是可以的。【推荐学习:css视频教程】
首先,肯定会用到媒体查询,这个不难看出。另外,我们观察下拆分后的每一组数据:
都会存在一组原本整体一个 Table 时的表头信息,主要的难点就是在这里,我们如何在拆分成一个一个的子 Table 展示时,同时展示这些表头信息?
基本结构的实现
首先,我们先实现常规宽屏下的 HTML 及对应的 CSS。
比较简单,这里没有什么特殊之处,使用 <table>
标签或者使用 div、ul 等标签进行模拟一个表格都可以。
<table> <caption>Lorem ipsum !</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Account</th> <th>Due Date</th> <th>Amount</th> <th">Period</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td data-label="Account">Visa - 3412</td> <td data-label="Due Date">04/01/2016</td> <td data-label="Amount">$1,190</td> <td data-label="Period">03/01/2016 - 03/31/2016</td> </tr> // ... 重复多组 </tbody> </table>
得到这样一个简单的 Table:
使用媒体查询将单个 Table 拆分成多个
下一步也很简单,设定合适的阈值(视实际业务情况而定),使用媒体查询将单个 Table 拆分成多个子 Table。
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) { table { border: 0; } table thead { display: none; } table tr { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } table td { border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; display: block; } }
这里做的事情也非常简单:
利用媒体查询,设定屏幕宽度小于
600px
的样式去掉原本表格的
<thead>
表头,直接隐藏即可将原本的一行
<tr>
,设置为display: block
, 并且设置一个下边距,使之每一个分开将原本的一行内的
<td>
,设置为display: block
,这样,它们就会竖向排列,使每一个<tr>
形成新的一个子 table
好,这样,再屏幕宽度小于 600px
时,我们就得到了这样一个 Table:
借助伪元素及其特性,实现表头信息展示
下面一步,也就是最为关键的一步,我们如何在子 table 的每一行,也就是 <td>
内,再展示原本的表头信息呢?
这里其实也非常简单,只是简单的运用了伪元素,极其可以读取 HTML 标签属性的小特性实现。
我们只需要简单改造一下代码,给每个 <td>
的 HTML,带上与之对应的表头列描述信息:
<table> // 上方信息保持一致 <tbody> <tr> <td data-label="Account">Visa - 3412</td> <td data-label="Due Date">04/01/2016</td> <td data-label="Amount">$1,190</td> <td data-label="Period">03/01/2016 - 03/31/2016</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" data-label="Account">Visa - 6076</td> <td data-label="Due Date">03/01/2016</td> <td data-label="Amount">$2,443</td> <td data-label="Period">02/01/2016 - 02/29/2016</td> </tr> // ... 每个 tr 进行同样的处理 </tbody> </table>
接着,借助 td 的伪元素,实现表头信息的展示即可:
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) { // ... 保持一致 table td { position: relative; display: block; text-align: right; } table td::before { position: absolute; left: 10px; right: 0; content: attr(data-label); } }
这里,我们核心的知识点就是利用了元素的伪元素可以在 content
属性里,读取其 HTML 元素内的属性内容,并进行展示的知识点。
假设一个 HTML 标签定义为:
<div data-msg="ABC">
那么该 div 对应的伪类如果设置了
content: attr(data-msg)
,就可以读取到 data-msg 的值,相当于content:"ABC"
这样,我们在小屏幕下,就得到了这样一种效果:
完整的效果,即如题图所示:
For the complete DEMO, you can click here: CodePen Demo -- Simple Responsive Table in CSS
Original address: https://www .cnblogs.com/coco1s/p/16422777.html
Author: ChokCoco
(Learning video sharing: web front-end)
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