What does a microcomputer host consist of?

The host computer of a microcomputer consists of a central processing unit and internal memory. Microcomputer refers to a microcomputer system composed of a central processing unit (CPU) and peripheral components, and the main focus of a microcomputer system is the relationship between the central processor and memory; it is precisely because of the central processing unit of microcomputing The central processor and memory are the focus of microcomputer research, so the central processor and memory are separately called the host of the microprocessor.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The host computer of a microcomputer consists of a central processing unit (cpu, microprocessor) and internal memory.

The academic concept of microcomputer host is different from the computer host used by people in daily life. This refers to the academic concept of microcomputer host, which only includes the CPU and internal memory. The computer host used in daily use is the remaining part of the computer except the monitor.

The following is an introduction to the academic microcomputer host.

Microcomputer is different from large or supercomputer. Usually microcomputer refers to a microcomputer system composed of a microprocessor and peripheral components. The main focus of a microcomputer system is on the microprocessor and The relationship between memory includes the speed matching of microprocessor and memory, and the data access methods of microprocessor and memory. It is precisely because the microprocessor and memory of microcomputing are the focus of microcomputer research, so the microprocessor and memory are separately called the host of the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is also called the central processing unit, that is, CPU, memory, and It is called internal memory, so the host computer of the microcomputer includes CPU and internal memory.

As one of the hosts of the microcomputer, the CPU is the core of the entire microcomputer. The resource allocation, instruction execution, and external devices of the entire system are all ordered under the unified scheduling of the CPU. It is the most important component of the microcomputer and the core of the microcomputer host. There is also a clear division of labor within the CPU. For example, the arithmetic unit is mainly responsible for arithmetic or logical operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, or binary bit shifting to the left and right, and and or non operations. The controller is mainly responsible for controlling the reading and operation of instructions. Decoding and other tasks.

The other part of the internal memory of the microcomputer host, as the main storage place for operating data, is also an important component of the microcomputer. Internal memory, referred to as memory, is a memory that directly transmits data to the CPU. According to the von Neumann principle, storage in stored programming refers to internal memory, which means that the program that needs to be executed is input into the memory and then communicated with the CPU. Perform data interaction and let the CPU fetch instructions or data from the memory for execution.

In summary, CPU and internal memory are important components of microcomputers and are studied together as components of the microcomputer's host computer.

Extended knowledge:

Central processing unit

Central processing unit (CPU), is One of the main equipment of electronic computers and the core accessories of computers. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software. The CPU is the core component of the computer that reads instructions, decodes them, and executes them. The central processing unit mainly consists of two parts, namely the controller and the arithmetic unit, which also include cache memory and the data and control bus that realize the connection between them. The three core components of an electronic computer are the CPU, internal memory, and input/output devices. The main functions of the central processing unit are to process instructions, perform operations, control time, and process data.

In the computer architecture, the CPU is the core hardware unit that controls and allocates all hardware resources of the computer (such as memory, input and output units) and performs general operations. The CPU is the computing and control core of the computer. The operations of all software layers in the computer system will eventually be mapped to CPU operations through the instruction set.

For the central processing unit, it can be regarded as a large-scale integrated circuit, and its main task is to process and process various data. The storage capacity of traditional computers is relatively small, which makes it difficult to process large-scale data, and the processing effect is relatively low. With the rapid development of my country's information technology level, high-configuration processor computers have emerged. High-configuration processors are used as control centers and play an important role in improving the structure and function of computer CPUs. The core part of the central processing unit is the controller and arithmetic unit, which plays an important role in improving the overall function of the computer. It can realize the proliferation of multiple functions such as register control, logical operations, and signal transmission and reception, laying a good foundation for improving the performance of the computer. Base.

Integrated circuits play the role of regulating signals in the computer and perform different instruction tasks according to user operation instructions. The central processing unit is a very large-scale integrated circuit. It consists of arithmetic units, controllers, registers, etc., as shown in the figure below. The key operation lies in the processing and processing of various types of data.

Traditional computers have small storage capacity and low operating efficiency when faced with large-scale data sets. The new generation of computers uses high-configuration processors as the control center, and the CPU has great room for improvement in terms of structure and function. The central processing unit uses arithmetic units and controllers as its main devices, and gradually expands into multiple functions such as logical operations, register control, program coding, and signal transmission and reception. These speed up the optimization and upgrade of CPU control performance.

Internal memory

Internal memory, referred to as memory, is one of the important components of the computer. It is used to temporarily store the calculation data in the CPU and other external memories such as hard disks. exchanged data. It is the bridge between external memory and the CPU. All programs in the computer run in the memory. The performance of the memory affects the overall performance of the computer. As long as the computer starts running, the operating system will transfer the data that needs to be calculated from the memory to the CPU for calculation. When the calculation is completed, the CPU will transmit the results.

The operation of memory also determines the overall operating speed of the computer.

The memory stick is composed of memory chips, circuit boards, gold fingers and other parts.

The programs we usually use, such as: Windows operating system, typing software, game software, etc. They are generally installed on external storage such as hard disks, but their functions cannot be used only because they must be transferred into memory to run in order to truly use their functions.

When we usually enter a piece of text or play a game, we actually do it in memory. Just like in a study room, the bookshelves and bookcases where books are stored are equivalent to the external storage of the computer, and the desk where we work is equivalent to the memory.

Usually, we store large amounts of data that need to be saved permanently on external memory, and put some temporary or small amounts of data and programs on memory. Of course, the quality of the memory will directly affect the running speed of the computer.

Memory is a place where programs and data are temporarily stored. When we use WPS to process a document, when you type characters on the keyboard, it is stored in memory. When you choose to save, the data in the memory will be saved to the hard (disk) disk.

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