How to use find() in es6

In es6, find() is used to find the value of the first element in the array that meets the conditions through the callback function, the syntax is "array.find(function(...), thisValue)". find() will call a function execution for each element in the array. When an element in the array returns true when testing the condition, find() returns the element that meets the condition, and the execution function will not be called for subsequent values; If there are no matching elements, undefined is returned.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, ECMAScript version 6, Dell G3 computer.

es6 Introduction to find()

The find() method returns the value of the first element of the array that passes the test (judged within the function).

The find() method calls a function execution once for each element in the array:

• When the element in the array returns true when testing the condition, find( ) returns elements that meet the conditions, and subsequent values ​​will not call the execution function.

• If there is no matching element, return undefined

Syntax:

array.find(function(currentValue, index, arr),thisValue)

Parameters	Description
function(currentValue, index,arr)	Required. The function that needs to be executed for each element of the array. Function parameters: Parameter description currentValue is required. The current element index is optional. The index value arr of the current element is optional. The array object to which the current element belongs
thisValue	is optional. The value passed to the function usually uses the "this" value. If this parameter is empty, "undefined" will be passed to the "this" value

返回值：返回符合测试条件的第一个数组元素值，如果没有符合条件的则返回 undefined。

注意:

• find() 对于空数组，函数是不会执行的。

• find() 并没有改变数组的原始值。

基本使用

Array.prototype.find
返回第一个满足条件的数组元素

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  return item > 3;
});

console.log(item);//4

如果没有一个元素满足条件 返回undefined

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  return item > 5;
});

console.log(item); //undefined

返回的元素和数组对应下标的元素是同一个引用

const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];

const item = arr.find((item) => item.name === '李四');
console.log(item);

回调函数的返回值是boolean 第一个返回true的对应数组元素作为find的返回值

const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  return item.id > 1;
});
console.log(item);

回调的参数

当前遍历的元素 当前遍历出的元素对应的下标 当前的数组

const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];
const item = arr.find(function (item, index, arr) {
  console.log(item, index, arr);
});

find的第二个参数

更改回调函数内部的this指向

const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];
const item = arr.find(
  function (item, index, arr) {
    console.log(item, index, arr);
    console.log(this);
  },
  { a: 1 }
);

如果没有第二个参数
非严格模式下 this -> window

const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];
const item = arr.find(function (item, index, arr) {
  console.log(item, index, arr);
  console.log(this);
});

在严格模式下
不传入第二个参数 this为undefined 与严格模式规定相同

'use strict';
const arr = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: '张三',
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: '李四',
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: '王五',
  },
];
const item = arr.find(function (item, index, arr) {
  console.log(item, index, arr);
  console.log(this);
});

稀疏数组find

find会遍历稀疏数组的空隙 empty
具体遍历出的值 由undefined占位

const arr = Array(5);
arr[0] = 1;
arr[2] = 3;
arr[4] = 5;
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  console.log(item);
  return false;
});

而ES5数组扩展方法forEach,map,filter,reduce,reduceRight,every,some 只会遍历有值的数组
find的遍历效率是低于ES5数组扩展方法的

find不会更改数组

虽然新增了元素 但是find会在第一次执行回调函数的时候 拿到这个数组最初的索引范围

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  arr.push(6);
  console.log(item);
});
console.log(arr);

const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const item = arr.find(function (item) {
  arr.splice(1, 1);
  console.log(item);
});
console.log(arr);

splice 删除对应项 该项位置不保留 在数据最后补上undefined

const arr = [1, 2, 3, , , , 7, 8, 9];
arr.find(function (item, index) {
  if (index === 0) {
    arr.splice(1, 1);
  }
  console.log(item);
});

delete
删除该项的值 并填入undefined

const arr = [1, 2, 3, , , , 7, 8, 9];
arr.find(function (item, index) {
  if (index === 0) {
    delete arr[2];
  }
  console.log(item);
});

pop
删除该项的值 并填入undefined

const arr = [1, 2, 3, , , , 7, 8, 9];
arr.find(function (item, index) {
  if (index === 0) {
    arr.pop();
  }
  console.log(item);
});

创建myFind

Array.prototype.myFind = function (cb) {
  if (this === null) {
    throw new TypeError('"this" is null');
  }
  if (typeof cb !== 'function') {
    throw new TypeError('Callback must be a function type');
  }
  var obj = Object(this),
    len = obj.length >>> 0,
    arg2 = arguments[1],
    step = 0;
  while (step < len) {
    var value = obj[step];
    if (cb.apply(arg2, [value, step, obj])) {
      return value;
    }
  }
  step++;
  return undefined;
};

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