What types of fiber optic interfaces are there?

The optical fiber interfaces include: 1. FC interface, the shell material is made of metal, and the interface has threads, which can be fixed well when connected to the optical module; 2. ST interface, the material is metal, and the interface is snap-on. , often used in optical fiber distribution frames; 3. SC interface, made of plastic, push-pull connection, the interface can be stuck on the optical module, often used in switches; 4. LC interface, made of plastic, used to connect SFP optical modules, interface It can be stuck on the optical module; 5. PC interface, microsphere grinding and polishing; 6. APC interface, 8 degree angle and microsphere grinding and polishing.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Nowadays, a large number of optical fibers are used for the wiring of the backbone part of LAN projects. The characteristics of optical fibers make the links of optical fiber interfaces complex and professional. Since there are many types of interfaces for fiber optic equipment, we are at a loss when choosing. Let’s introduce the types of fiber optics and various common fiber optic interfaces.

Optical fiber is the abbreviation of optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic. It uses the principle of total reflection of light and can be used as a medium for light propagation. The idea that light can be used to transmit communications was proposed by former presidents of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kao Kun and George A. Hockham, for which Kao won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Generally, optical fibers are divided into two types according to different transmission modes: multimode optical fiber (MMF) and single-mode optical fiber (SMF). The so-called "mode" refers to a beam of light entering the fiber at a certain angle. Single-mode fiber uses solid-state laser as the light source, while multi-mode fiber uses light-emitting diodes as the light source. Multimode fiber allows multiple beams of light of the same wavelength to propagate simultaneously in the fiber, thereby forming mode dispersion (because each beam of light enters the fiber at a different angle, the time it takes for each beam of light to reach the other endpoint is also different. This feature is called Mode dispersion.) Due to the characteristics of mode dispersion, the bandwidth and distance of multi-mode optical fiber transmission will be limited. Therefore, multi-mode optical fiber has a thick core wire, short transmission distance, and poor overall transmission performance, but the cost is relatively low and is generally used in construction. within an object or in a geographically adjacent environment. Single-mode fiber can only allow one beam of light of the same wavelength to propagate (it can transmit multiple beams of light of different wavelengths at the same time, that is, wavelength division multiplexing), so single-mode fiber has no mode dispersion characteristics. Therefore, the core of single-mode fiber is correspondingly longer. Fine, the transmission distance is long, but the cost is higher. The commonly used wavelengths of multi-mode fiber are 850nm and 1300nm, and the commonly used wavelengths of single-mode fiber are 1310nm and 1550nm.

In addition, multi-mode optical fiber has 4 levels: OM1~4, which represents bandwidth and transmission distance.

Optical fiber interface, the full name is optical fiber movable connector, the International Telecommunication Union recommends defining it as: used to stably, but not permanently A passive component that connects two or more optical fibers. In optical fiber communication links, in order to achieve the goal of flexible connections between different modules and devices, a device that can make a movable connection between optical fibers is needed. Optical fiber connector is a device used for detachable connection between optical fibers. It precisely connects the two end faces of optical fibers to maximize the coupling of light energy back and forth.

Optical fiber connectors are high-precision devices that penetrate and fix optical fibers into the support sleeve of the plug. After grinding or polishing the mating port, alignment is achieved in the sleeve coupling tube. The sleeve used for coupling alignment of the plug is generally made of ceramic, fiberglass, reinforced plastic or metal. In order to align the optical fibers, this type of connection requires very high precision in the processing of plugs and couplers.

Fiber optic connectors can be divided into FC, SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, MT-R and other types according to the structure of the connector. The commonly used ones are FC, SC, ST and LC. These commonly used interfaces are introduced below.

FC interface

The full name is Ferrule Connector, which was first used in storage area networks. The shell is made of metal and has threads at the interface, which can be fixed well when connected to the optical module.

ST interface

The material is metal and the interface is snap-on, commonly used in optical fiber distribution frames

SC interface

The material is plastic, push-pull connection, the interface can be stuck on the optical module, commonly used in switches

LC interface

is made of plastic and is used to connect SFP optical modules. The interface can be stuck on the optical module

Other interfaces:

• PC microsphere grinding and polishing

• APC is at an 8-degree angle and microsphere grinding and polishing

• MT-RJ Square shape, dual-fiber transceiver on one end (useful on Huawei 8850)

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