What does a string in php consist of?
在php中,字符串就是连续的字符序列,由一系列的字符(数字,字母和符号)组成;字符串的每个字符只占用一个字节。PHP定义字符串的方法:1、用单引号进行定义,例“'abc'”;2、用双引号进行定义,例“"abc"”;3、利用heredoc语法糖进行定义,它是一种在命令行shell和程序语言里定义字符串的方法;4、利用nowdoc语法糖进行定义。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、PHP8.1版、DELL G3电脑
String 字符串
字符串(string)就是连续的字符序列,由一系列的字符(数字,字母和符号)组成;其中每个字符都等同于一个字节。在php中只支持256字符集,不支持unicode。
php中的字符串的实现方式是由字节组成的数组再加上一个指明缓冲区长度的整型组成。该数据类型并不包含如何将字节转化为字符的信息,这些信息都是由程序员来控制的。字符串的组成没有什么限制,特别的是,其值为0即(null byte)的字节可以处于字符串的任何位置。还需要留意的是在相关的一些处理函数中,可能会把null字节之后的数据全部忽略掉,这点在使用的时候需要特别留意。
Note:String最大可以达到2GB
字符串的表达方式
1.单引号
定义一个字符串最简单的方式就是用单引号将字符串内容包含起来。在单引号定义的字符串中,变量和特殊字符的转义序列不会被替换。
$string_var = 'hello world'; echo $string_var;//hello world echo "<br>"; $string_var = 'hello \world'; echo $string_var;//hello \world echo "<br>"; $string_var2 = 'China $string_var'; echo $string_var2;//China $string_var echo "<br>";
2.双引号
如果是以双引号将字符串内容包含起来的方式定义,那么需要注意:php会对一些特殊字符进行解析的,通常来说就是我们熟知的转义字符了。
序列 含义 \n 换行(ASCII 字符集中的 LF 或 0x0A (10)) \r 回车(ASCII 字符集中的 CR 或 0x0D (13)) \t 水平制表符(ASCII 字符集中的 HT 或 0x09 (9)) \v 垂直制表符(ASCII 字符集中的 VT 或 0x0B (11))(自 PHP 5.2.5 起) \e Escape(ASCII 字符集中的 ESC 或 0x1B (27))(自 PHP 5.4.0 起) \f 换页(ASCII 字符集中的 FF 或 0x0C (12))(自 PHP 5.2.5 起) \\ 反斜线 \$ 美元标记 \" 双引号 \[0-7]{1,3} 符合该正则表达式序列的是一个以八进制方式来表达的字符 \x[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,2} 符合该正则表达式序列的是一个以十六进制方式来表达的字符
和单引号定义方式比较最大的不同点是:双引号定义的字符串如果里面包含变量,那么该变量会被php解析。
$string_var = 'hello \world'; echo $string_var;//hello \world echo "<br>"; $string_var2 = 'China $string_var'; echo $string_var2;//China $string_var echo "<br>"; $string_var3 = "China $string_var"; echo $string_var3;//China hello \world echo "<br>";
3.Heredoc结构
这种方式类似于xml定义格式,有一个开始标记和结束标记。heredoc的语法结构:
$var = <<< flag ……..here is your content flag;
flag值可以根据自己的喜好来自定义,但必须要遵循php命名规范。另外需要注意的是在结束标识这行除了;外,不能包含其他字符。这就是说在标识符和分号前面不能有任何的缩进,字符。标识符和分号之间也是一样。如果没有遵循这条规则,php将认为该标识不是结束标识而将继续寻找,如果在文件结尾也没有找到的话,php将会产生解析错误。
$str = <<<ENDFLAG Example of string ENDFLAG; echo $str;//Example of string echo "<br>";
4.Nowdoc结构
nowdoc结构和heredoc的结构很相似,但是nowdoc中不进行解析操作,也就是说nowdoc和单引号定义的字符串在一定意义来说是等价的。
nowdoc的结构和hereddoc的结构一样使用标记<<<,区别是在<<<之后的标识符要用单引号括起来(<<<’flag’)。
$str = <<<'ENDFLAG' Example of string ENDFLAG; echo $str;//Example of string echo "<br>";
string可以当作字符数组来使用,其起始索引为0,比如有一个字符串$var=”hello world”,那么我们可以通过$var[0]的形式来获取或修改字符串。
$string_var4 = "hello world!"; echo $string_var4[0];//h echo "<br>"; $string_var4[0] = "f"; echo $string_var4;//fello world! echo "<br>";
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