What are the plurals used for in go language?

In the Go language, complex numbers are mainly used for scientific calculations; Go has many built-in libraries for scientific calculations, and as a general-purpose programming language, it is necessary to provide a convenient complex number type. There are two types of complex numbers in the Go language: complex128 (64-bit real and imaginary numbers) and complex64 (32-bit real and imaginary numbers), where complex128 is the default type of complex numbers.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, GO version 1.18, Dell G3 computer.

Complex numbers are mainly used in some scientific calculations, and the most important application is in mathematical theory.

Go already has many scientific computing libraries. As a general-purpose programming language, it is necessary to provide a convenient plural type.

Complex numbers in Go language

In computers, complex numbers are represented by two floating point numbers, one of which represents the real part (real ), one represents the imaginary part (imag).

There are two types of complex numbers in the Go language, namely complex128 (64-bit real and imaginary numbers) and complex64 (32-bit real and imaginary numbers), where complex128 is the default type of complex numbers.

The value of a complex number consists of three parts RE IMi, where RE is the real part, IM is the imaginary part, both RE and IM are float types, and the last i is the imaginary unit.

The syntax format for declaring plural numbers is as follows:

var name complex128 = complex(x, y)

where name is the variable name of the plural number, complex128 is the type of the plural number, and the complex after "=" is the built-in Go language The function is used to assign values ​​to complex numbers. x and y respectively represent the two float64 type values ​​that constitute the complex number. x is the real part and y is the imaginary part.

The above declaration statement can also be abbreviated as the following form:

name := complex(x, y)

For a complex number z := complex(x, y), you can use the built-in function real(z) of the Go language. Get the real part of the complex number, which is x; get the imaginary part of the complex number, which is y, through imag(z).

[Example] Use the built-in complex function to construct a complex number, and use the real and imag functions to return the real and imaginary parts of the complex number:

var x complex128 = complex(1, 2) // 1+2i
var y complex128 = complex(3, 4) // 3+4i
fmt.Println(x*y)                 // "(-5+10i)"
fmt.Println(real(x*y))           // "-5"
fmt.Println(imag(x*y))           // "10"

If you don’t know much about the operation rules of complex numbers, You can check out "Complex Number Arithmetic Rules", which explains in detail the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers.

Complex numbers can also be compared for equality using == and !=. Two complex numbers are equal only when their real and imaginary parts are equal.

The Go language's built-in math/cmplx package provides many public methods for operating complex numbers. In actual operations, it is recommended that you use the default complex128 type for complex numbers, because these built-in packages all use the complex128 type as parameters.

【Related recommendations: Go video tutorial, Programming teaching】

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