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MySQL下常见的启动失败与备份失败问题的解决教程_MySQL

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Release: 2016-05-27 13:45:38
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启动失败
重启服务器后-->重启应用服务(Confluence)-->报错,数据库连接失败(mysql设置了开机自启动)-->查看mysql数据库状态:

[root@fisheye ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root   25555 21974 0 11:28 pts/0  00:00:00 grep mysql
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启动mysql服务器

[root@fisheye data]# service mysql start
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MySQL server PID file could not be found![失败]
Starting MySQL.............. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/mydata/data/fisheye..pid).[失败]
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查看错误日志:

[root@fisheye data]# tail -100 fisheye.err
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InnoDB: Last MySQL binlog file position 0 337403929, file name ./mysql-bin.000016
141013 1:13:28 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
141013 1:13:29 InnoDB: 5.5.33 started; log sequence number 1006647152
17:13:29 UTC - mysqld got signal 11 ;
This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binary
or one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built,
or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.
We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully help
di141013 01:13:29 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /mydata/data/fisheye.pid ended
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未发现明显性错误提示,所以手动创建一个pid文件试试

[root@fisheye data]# touch /mydata/data/fisheye.pi
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再进行重启服务:

[root@fisheye data]# service mysql restart
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ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)
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突然想到之前看过此类报错的文章,记得有可能是磁盘空间不足导致的mysql无法启动。

[root@fisheye data]# df -h
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(文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点)

/dev/sda1       9.5G 9.5G 0 100% /
/dev/sda4       5.5G 1.3G 4.0G 24% /mnt/backup
/dev/mapper/IhuilianVG-IhuilianLV00
            22G 4.2G  17G 20% /var/www/app
tmpfs         1.3G   0 1.3G  0% /dev/shm
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果然如此,下面罗列一些类似问题(无法启动)的解决思路:
1.可能是datadir目录存在的分区满了(df -h )
解决方法:打开配置文件/etc/my.cnf,在[mysqld]节下重新指定数据目录(datadir),并将原来的数据目录迁移到重新制定的数据目录处
关于迁移:(1)、cp或者tar的时候一定要把权限给带上,但是为防止意外建议再授权一次;(2)、数据比较大时一定要先压缩再迁移,保证完整性,特别是scp到其他机器时可能会超时所以一定要压缩(tar.gz);(3)、若是移动至另外的服务器一定要保证mysql版本一致。

2.可能是/mydata/data/fisheye.pid文件没有写的权限
解决方法 :给予权限,执行 “chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data/” 然后重新启动mysqld!

3.可能进程里已经存在mysql进程
解决方法:用命令“ps -ef|grep mysqld”查看是否有mysqld进程,如果有使用“kill -9 进程号”杀死,然后重新启动mysqld!

4.可能是第二次在机器上安装mysql,有残余数据影响了服务的启动。
解决方法:去mysql的数据目录/data看看,如果存在mysql-bin.index,就赶快把它删除掉吧,它就是罪魁祸首了。

5.skip-federated字段问题(报错信息:[ERROR] /mydata/data/mysql/libexec/mysqld: unknown option '--skip-federated')
解决方法:检查一下/etc/my.cnf文件中有没有没被注释掉的skip-federated字段,如果有就立即注释掉吧。

6.selinux惹的祸,如果是centos系统,默认会开启selinux
解决方法:关闭它,打开/etc/selinux/config,把SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled后存盘退出重启机器试试。

备份失败
说明
执行 mysqldump 时出现找不到某一个 tables 并且中断执行?及锁表后延伸出现的问题记录!
问题及方案如下
Error Meaage: 执行mysqldump 时出现找不到某一个 tables 并且中断执行

[root@test100 data]# mysqldump fx > fx.sql
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mysqldump: Got error: 1146: Table 'user_suggest_report' doesn't exist when using LOCK TABLES
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考虑加上 --skip-lock-tables或者-R进行锁表试试,也是不行,信息如下

[root@test100 data]#mysqldump --skip-lock-tables fx > fx.sql
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Error: Couldn't read status information for table vote_results () mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `user_suggest_report`': Table 'fx.user_suggest_report' doesn't exist (1146)
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登陆服务器查看是否存在此表

 [root@test100 data]#mysql -h127.0.0.1 -D fx
 mysql> show tables;      #查看所有的表 --> 发现是表存在的
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+--------------------------------+
| Tables_in_fx          |
+--------------------------------+
| user_suggest_report      |
+--------------------------------+
80 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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删除此表

mysql> drop table user_suggest_report;      #既然是存在的,但是系统却认定不存在说明存在问题,索性想删除试试
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ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'user_suggest_report' at line 1
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进入mysql存储目录下将其数据表移动或删除

[root@test100 data]# cat /etc/my.cnf | grep datadir
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
[root@test100 data]# cd /var/lib/mysql/fx/
[root@test100 fx]# mv user_suggest_report.frm /data
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重启mysql服务器

[root@test100 fx]# service mysqld restart
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重新备份操作

[root@test100 data]# mysqldump fx > fx.150109.sql  #操作成功
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