How to convert string to byte array (byte) in golang

Go language is an emerging and efficient programming language that is widely used in various fields, especially server-side development. Among them, string processing is an important part of the Go language. This article will introduce how to convert a string into a byte array (byte), that is, golang string to byte.

1. What is a byte array?

In the Go language, a byte array (byte) is an array composed of a series of integers. Each integer corresponds to a character, and this character is represented by the character corresponding to the integer in the ASCII code table. Therefore, a byte array can be regarded as an array composed of character encodings, which can be used in various string processing scenarios.

2. Method to convert string to byte

Go language provides two methods to convert string to byte array: one is through Type conversion is implemented, and the other is implemented through functions in the standard library.

(1) Type conversion method

In Go language, string is an immutable type, which consists of a string of characters. Byte is a variable type, which consists of a series of integers. Therefore, we can convert the string type to the byte type through type conversion, that is:

str := "hello world"
bytes := []byte(str)

In the above code, we first define a string str, and then pass [ ]byte(str) method to convert it into a byte array bytes. It should be noted that the byte array is a mutable type and it can be modified.

(2) Function conversion method

In addition to type conversion, the Go language also provides many standard library functions to convert strings to byte arrays. The most commonly used functions are the []byte and string functions, which can convert strings to byte arrays and byte arrays to strings respectively.

str := "hello world"
bytes := []byte(str)
str2 := string(bytes)

In the above code, we first convert the string str into a byte array bytes, and then pass string(bytes) Way to convert byte array to string str2. It should be noted that this method only works with ASCII encoding. If the string contains other encoded characters, garbled characters may appear.

3. Conversion application of strings and byte arrays

Converting strings to byte arrays is a basic operation in the Go language , it can not only be used for conversion between strings and byte arrays, but also can be used in various string processing scenarios. Let's take a look at a few common application scenarios:

(1) Byte array split

A byte array can be regarded as a sequence composed of some integers. Therefore, we can split the byte array into multiple small arrays by traversing it:

str := "hello"
bytes := []byte(str)
chunks := [][]byte{}
chunkSize := 2
for i := 0; i < len(bytes); i += chunkSize {
    end := i + chunkSize
    if end > len(bytes) {
        end = len(bytes)
    }
    chunk := bytes[i:end]
    chunks = append(chunks, chunk)
}
fmt.Println(chunks)

In the above code, we define a string str and byte arraybytes, and then split the byte array bytes into small arrays of size 2. Finally, we store all the small arrays in a 2D array chunks and print it out.

(2) Compressed string

We can compress a string into a byte array to achieve compression effect. The principle of compression is to replace the same characters in the string with a count value and a character. For example, the string aaabcc can be compressed into a byte array []byte{3, 97, 1, 98, 2, 99}, which means that there are in the string 3 'a's, 1 'b's and 2 'c's.

str := "aaabcc"
outBytes := []byte{}
currentChar := str[0]
currentCount := 1
for i := 1; i < len(str); i++ {
    if str[i] == currentChar {
        currentCount += 1
    } else {
        outBytes = append(outBytes, byte(currentCount), byte(currentChar))
        currentChar = str[i]
        currentCount = 1
    }
}
outBytes = append(outBytes, byte(currentCount), byte(currentChar))
fmt.Println(outBytes)

In the above code, we define a string str and an empty byte array outBytes, and then compress the string according to the above compression algorithm str is compressed into byte arrayoutBytes. Finally, we print out the compressed byte array.

4. Summary

In Go language, converting a string into a byte array is a basic operation, which can be used in various A string processing scenario. In this article, we introduced two methods of converting a string to a byte array: type conversion and function conversion. In addition, we also introduced some application scenarios of byte arrays, such as byte array splitting and string compression. It should be noted that byte arrays are only suitable for ASCII encoding. If the string contains other encoded characters, garbled characters may appear.

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