Discuss how to convert data to json format in golang

With the advent of the Internet era, data transmission and processing have become more and more important. In the modern software development process, the ability to process data is very important. As a modern programming language, Golang language has strong data processing capabilities. Among them, it is very common to convert structures in Golang into JSON format. This article will discuss Golang's method of converting to JSON and how to use it in Golang.

Use the Golang standard library for JSON encoding and decoding

Golang provides a standard library to handle the encoding and decoding of JSON format. In Golang's standard library, the encoding/json package provides methods for converting JSON format to Golang types and back. Among them, the Marshal function converts the Golang type to JSON format, and the Unmarshal function converts the JSON format to the Golang type.

First, let's look at a simple example of converting a structure to JSON format.

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func main() {
    p := Person{"Tom", 24}

    b, err := json.Marshal(p)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error: ", err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

Output:

{"name":"Tom","age":24}

In the above example, we created a structure named Person and used the Marshal function to convert it to JSON format. During the conversion process, the attribute name "Name" in the structure is converted to "name", and "Age" is converted to "age".

Similarly, we can also use the Unmarshal function to convert JSON format to Golang type. Here is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func main() {
    jsonString := `{"name":"Tom","age":24}`

    var p Person
    err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonString), &p)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error: ", err)
    }
    fmt.Println(p)
}

Output:

{Tom 24}

In the above example, we use the Unmarshal function to convert the JSON formatted string into a Golang type and store the type in in variable p.

When parsing a JSON formatted string, we need to pass a target pointer. If parsing is successful, the JSON data will be stored in the variable pointed to by this pointer.

When parsing JSON into Golang types, you need to pay attention to some details. For example, the boolean values ​​true and false in JSON are parsed as bool type in Golang. Numbers are parsed as float, integer, or int64 types, depending on the data type and range in JSON.

Use third-party libraries for JSON encoding and decoding

Although the standard library provided in Golang is simple and easy to use, its performance is not the best. For some large JSON data or complex data structures, using the standard library for JSON encoding and decoding may cause program performance to decrease. Therefore, many third-party libraries have emerged and are widely used.

Among them, one of the most popular libraries is json-iterator/go. This library can provide faster JSON encoding and decoding than the standard library, and is very simple to use.

Let’s look at a simple example using the json-iterator/go library:

package main

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/json-iterator/go"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func main() {
    p := Person{"Tom", 24}

    json := jsoniter.ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary
    b, err := json.Marshal(p)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error: ", err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

The output result is the same as the standard library:

{"name":"Tom","age":24}

In the above example, we used The ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary variable provided in the json-iterator/go library to ensure that JSON encoding and decoding is consistent with the standard library.

Summary

This article discusses the JSON encoding and decoding methods in the Golang language. Converting Golang types to JSON format using the standard library is very easy to use and can meet most needs. If you encounter performance problems or need more advanced functions, it is recommended to use third-party libraries such as json-iterator/go. No matter which library is used, we need to pay attention to data type conversion and details to ensure the correctness of JSON encoding and decoding.

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