A brief analysis of the reasons and solutions for garbled Chinese characters output by PHP

PHP is an open source server-side scripting language that is widely used in web development. However, when outputting Chinese characters, character set conversion problems often occur and garbled characters appear. This is a headache for many developers. This article will introduce the reasons and solutions for garbled Chinese characters output by PHP.

1. Cause analysis

In PHP, there are two main character encodings: ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8. ISO-8859-1 is a common character encoding mainly used in English and Western European languages. UTF-8 is an encoding that integrates character encodings in various languages ​​and supports languages ​​around the world. However, if the correct character set conversion is not performed for output, it may cause garbled characters.

2. Solution

(1) Set the character set of the HTTP response header

By setting the character set of the HTTP response header , which allows the browser to perform correct character set parsing. In PHP code, you can set the character set through the following code:

header('Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8');

(2) Set the charset attribute of the html tag to utf-8

In the HTML document, you can set the charset attribute to utf-8, as shown below:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />

(3) Use the iconv() function for character set conversion

PHP provides the iconv() function for character set conversion, which can convert a Converts encoded characters to another encoding. As shown below:

$str = iconv('gbk', 'utf-8', $str);

(4) Use the mb_string function library for character set conversion

mb_string is an extension library provided by PHP. It provides a series of functions for processing multi-byte characters. function. Using this function library, you can perform more detailed conversion of characters. As shown below:

$str = mb_convert_encoding($str, 'utf-8', 'gbk');

3. Summary

When developing PHP, you should always pay attention to character encoding issues, especially the output of Chinese characters. By correctly setting the charset attribute of the HTTP response header and HTML tag, and using the iconv() function and the mb_string function library for character set conversion, the problem of garbled Chinese characters output by PHP can be effectively solved.

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