Detailed explanation of commonly used file encoding conversion methods in golang

In program development, file encoding conversion is an inevitable problem. Golang is a powerful programming language with many libraries that can be used to convert file encodings. This article will introduce commonly used file encoding conversion methods in golang and how to use them.

File encoding type

Before introducing the file encoding conversion in golang, let us first take a look at several common file encoding types.

1. ASCII encoding
   ASCII encoding is the most commonly used encoding method in English character encoding. There are 128 characters in total, including numbers, letters and some symbols.
2. UTF-8 encoding
   UTF-8 is a variable-length Unicode encoding that uses 1 to 4 bytes to represent each character. UTF-8 encoding contains all characters related to Unicode and can represent the text of almost all countries.
3. GBK encoding
   GBK encoding is a standard for encoding Chinese characters. It includes most Chinese characters and some other characters.

File encoding conversion method in golang

1. ioutil package
   The ioutil package is a built-in package in golang, which provides some file operation functions. You can easily perform file reading, writing, copying, deletion and other operations using the functions in the ioutil package.

Among them, the ioutil.ReadFile function can read the file content and return it in the form of a byte array. If you need to convert a byte array into a string, you can convert it through the string() function.

2. unicode/utf16 package
   unicode/utf16 package provides some conversion functions for unicode and utf16 encoding, including converting UTF-16 code point sequences to UTF-8 bytes, Convert UTF-8 byte sequence to UTF-16 code point sequence, etc.

For example, a UTF-16 encoded file can be converted to a UTF-8 encoded file through the function in the unicode/utf16 package. The code is as follows:

func convertUTF16ToUTF8(inputFilePath, outputFilePath string) error {
    // 读取UTF-16编码的输入文件
    inputBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(inputFilePath)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    // 将UTF-16编码的byte数组转换为UTF-8编码的byte数组
    utf8Bytes := utf16.Decode(inputBytes)

    // 将UTF-8编码的byte数组写入输出文件
    err = ioutil.WriteFile(outputFilePath, utf8Bytes, 0666)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    return nil
}

3. encoding/csv package
   encoding/csv package provides some functions for reading and writing csv files. A csv file can be converted to a specified encoding format through the functions in the encoding/csv package.

For example, the following code can convert a GBK-encoded csv file to a UTF-8-encoded csv file:

func convertGBKToUTF8(inputFilePath, outputFilePath string) error {
    // 读取GBK编码的csv文件
    inFile, err := os.OpenFile(inputFilePath, os.O_RDONLY, 0666)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer inFile.Close()
    r := csv.NewReader(inFile)
    r.Comma = ','

    // 将GBK编码的csv文件逐行读取并转换为UTF-8编码的csv文件
    rows, err := r.ReadAll()
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    // 将UTF-8编码的csv文件写入输出文件
    outFile, err := os.Create(outputFilePath)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer outFile.Close()
    w := csv.NewWriter(outFile)
    w.Comma = ','
    for _, row := range rows {
        utf8Row := make([]string, len(row))
        for i, v := range row {
            utf8Row[i] = v
        }
        w.Write(utf8Row)
    }
    w.Flush()

    return nil
}

Summary

In golang, processing There are many methods for file encoding conversion, and different methods are suitable for different scenarios. By understanding the various file encoding conversion functions provided in golang, we can better handle daily file encoding conversion problems.

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