Analyzing different methods of IP query in Golang

IP Query Golang (Golang IP Lookup)

Golang is an open source programming language launched by Google in 2007 to improve programming efficiency and readability. Later, Golang became one of the very popular programming languages ​​for building efficient web applications and server-side.

IP query is one of the very common tasks in the application, it can be used to determine the geographical location of the visitor or prevent malicious access. In this post, we will explore how to perform IP query using Golang. We will first cover the basics of IP and then discuss the different methods of IP querying in Golang.

Basic knowledge of IP address

An IP address is an Internet Protocol (IP protocol) address, which is a unique identifier for a device on a network. An IP address is represented by a 32-bit binary number, which can also be written as four decimal numbers, each number between 0 and 255, separated by periods.

IPv4 address space is limited and can only represent 4294967296 different addresses. Due to the explosive growth of the Internet, we will soon run out of this address space. Therefore, IPv6 addresses were developed to provide more addresses for a larger address space before the IPv4 address space was exhausted.

IP query method

In Golang, there are two methods for IP query. The first is to use a third-party library for IP query. The second method is to use the net package from the standard library, which includes some built-in functions to easily perform IP queries.

Using third-party libraries

There are many popular third-party libraries on the market that can find geographical location information through IP addresses. Here are a few of the most widely used ones:

1. GeoIP: https://github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang

GeoIP is a popular third-party library , you can find geographical location information through IP address. It provides a simple yet powerful API that allows you to find IP addresses quickly and accurately. The following is a simple usage example:

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/oschwald/geoip2-golang"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    db, err := geoip2.Open("GeoLite2-City.mmdb")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer db.Close()

    ip := net.ParseIP("81.2.69.160")

    record, err := db.City(ip)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Printf("Country: %v\n", record.Country.Names["en"])
    fmt.Printf("City: %v\n", record.City.Names["en"])
    fmt.Printf("Latitude: %v\n", record.Location.Latitude)
    fmt.Printf("Longitude: %v\n", record.Location.Longitude)
}

In this example, we first open a database named "GeoLite2-City", and then use the net.ParseIP function to parse an IP address. Finally, we use the db.City(ip) function to query the city information of this IP address.

2. IP2Location: https://github.com/ip2location/ip2location-go

IP2Location is another popular IP address lookup library that can look up geography by IP address location information. It provides detailed IP address information such as IP address, ISP, country, city, latitude, longitude, etc. The following is a simple usage example:

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ip2location/ip2location-go"
)

func main() {
    db, err := ip2location.OpenDB("IP2LOCATION-LITE-DB1.IPV6.BIN")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer db.Close()

    result, err := db.Get_all("81.2.69.160")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Printf("Country: %v\n", result.Country_long)
    fmt.Printf("City: %v\n", result.City)
    fmt.Printf("Latitude: %v\n", result.Latitude)
    fmt.Printf("Longitude: %v\n", result.Longitude)
}

In this example, we first open a database named "IP2LOCATION-LITE-DB1.IPV6.BIN" and then use db.Get_all("81.2. 69.160") function to query the detailed information of this IP address.

Use the net package in the standard library

In addition to using third-party libraries, the net package in the Golang standard library also provides some built-in functions that can easily perform IP queries. Here are some popular functions:

1. net.LookupIP:

This function looks up the IP address of a hostname. Here is a simple example:

ips, err := net.LookupIP("www.google.com")
if err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

for _, ip := range ips {
    fmt.Println(ip)
}

In this example, we use the net.LookupIP("www.google.com") function to query the IP address of www.google.com. We then use a loop to iterate through these IP addresses.

2. net.ParseIP:

This function can convert an IP address in string form into a value of type net.IP. The following is a simple example:

ip := net.ParseIP("81.2.69.160")
if ip == nil {
    log.Fatal("Invalid IP address")
}

fmt.Println(ip)

In this example, we use the net.ParseIP("81.2.69.160") function to query an IP address and convert it to a value of type net.IP. Then, we use the fmt.Println function to print out the IP address.

Summary

IP query is one of the very common tasks in applications, which can be used to determine the geographical location of visitors or prevent malicious access. In this article, we introduced the basics of IP and then discussed the different methods of IP query in Golang. We can use third-party libraries such as GeoIP or IP2Location, or we can use the built-in functions of the net package in the Golang standard library. Using these methods, we can easily perform IP queries, resulting in security and a good user experience.

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