What is the number of linux handles
linux句柄数是内核中打开文件数量的总和。linux系统中对进程可以调用的文件句柄数进行了限制,在默认情况下每个进程可以调用的最大句柄数是1024个,如果超过了这个限制,进程将无法获取新的句柄,而从导致不能打开新的文件或者网络套接字,对于线上服务器即会出现服务被拒绝的情况。
本教程操作环境:linux7.3系统、Dell G3电脑。
什么是句柄
句柄就是一个标识符,只要获得对象的句柄,我们就可以对对象进行任意的操作。
句柄不是指针,操作系统用句柄可以找到一块内存,这个句柄可能是标识符,map的key,也可能是指针,看操作系统怎么处理的了。fd算是在某种程度上替代句柄吧;Linux 有相应机制,但没有统一的句柄类型,各种类型的系统资源由各自的类型来标识,由各自的接口操作。
在操作系统层面上,文件操作也有类似于FILE的一个概念,在Linux里,这叫做文件描述符(File Descriptor),而在Windows里,叫做句柄(Handle)(以下在没有歧义的时候统称为句柄)。用户通过某个函数打开文件以获得句柄,此后用户操纵文件皆通过该句柄进行。
liunx中的句柄
在linux系统设计里面遵循一切都是文件的原则,即磁盘文件、目录、网络套接字、磁盘、管道等,所有这些都是文件,在我们进行打开的时候会返回一个fd,即是文件句柄。
如果频繁的打开文件,或者打开网络套接字而忘记释放就会有句柄泄露的现象。
在linux系统中对进程可以调用的文件句柄数进行了限制,在默认情况下每个进程可以调用的最大句柄数是1024个,如果超过了这个限制,进程将无法获取新的句柄,而从导致不能打开新的文件或者网络套接字,对于线上服务器即会出现服务被拒绝的情况。
linux句柄数是什么
当我们打开一个文件,内核就会分配一个句柄来表示这个文件。因此,Linux句柄数就是内核中打开文件数量的总和。
Linux句柄数也与内存有关。当内核分配一个句柄时,它会分配一定数量的内存来存储这个句柄的信息。因此中标linux,如果Linux句柄数增加了很多,那么就会占用大量的内存资源。因此,我们必须对Linux句柄数进行监测和管理,从而避免内存泄露和性能问题。
如何查看Linux句柄数
我们可以通过多种方法来监测Linux句柄数。例如,我们可以使用“lsof”命令来显示当前正在使用的文件的信息。同时,我们也可以使用“/proc/sys/fs/file-nr”文件检测当前正在使用的文件数量和最大允许使用的文件数量(即linux 句柄数)。此外查看linux 句柄数,我们还可以使用“ulimit”命令来设定最大允许使用的文件数量(即linux 句柄数)。
1.查看系统设置的文件句柄数
more /proc/sys/fs/file-max
2.查看当前打开句柄总数
lsof|awk '{print $2}'|wc -l
3.根据打开文件句柄的数量降序排列,找出哪个进程占用的句柄数最高
lsof|awk '{print $2}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|more
如何修改 Linux 句柄数
时候我们会遇到 Linux 句柄数过多的问题;这种情况下red hat linux,我么需要修改 Linux 句柄数了。
首先查看linux 句柄数,我么需要确定最大的 Linux 句柄数;这个最大的 Linux 句柄数由“/proc/sys/fs/file-max”这个文书决定。
之后可使用“ulimit -n”这个命书来设置最大的 Linux 句柄数;还需要重启机器才能生效。
总之, linux 句柄数是一个很重要的话题,既然它会间接影响到linux性能和安全。
一般情况下, linux 系统会额外开启几千个文件。如何通过相应的命名条去监测 Linux 句柄数,并选者合理地设定最大允许使用的 Linux 句柄数,都是必不可少的
相关推荐:《Linux视频教程》
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