Summarize the relevant knowledge points of Golang policy settings

Golang is a high-performance programming language developed by Google. Its unique concurrency and memory management mechanism make it widely used in large-scale systems and cloud computing. Among them, policy setting is one of the important links for Golang to achieve efficient operation. This article will introduce the relevant knowledge points of Golang policy settings.

1. The concept of Golang policy setting

In Golang, policy setting refers to controlling the execution mode of the program by setting runtime parameters or calling functions. Generally speaking, the policy settings in Golang mainly include the following aspects:

1. Concurrency settings: Golang provides a set of efficient concurrency mechanisms, including goroutine, channel and select, etc., by setting the corresponding Parameters to control the way and speed of concurrent execution of programs.
2. Memory management: Golang’s own garbage collection mechanism and memory allocation management strategy can help the program automatically reclaim unused memory space during operation, improving the running stability and performance of the program.
3. Performance analysis: By calling performance analysis tools (such as the pprof package), the performance of the program can be monitored and tuned in a refined manner, thereby optimizing the operating efficiency of the program.

2. Concurrency settings

1. Set the maximum number of goroutines

In Golang, the stack space occupied by each goroutine is 2KB ( 4KB in a 32-bit system), so too many goroutines will occupy a large amount of memory space, thus affecting the performance of the system. Therefore, control the speed and memory usage of concurrent execution by setting the maximum number of goroutines.

For example, you can add the following code to the program:

runtime.GOMAXPROCS(4) //Set the maximum number of goroutines to 4

2. Set the channel buffer size

When using a channel for communication, if the buffer of the channel is full or empty when sending and receiving messages, it will cause the program to block and wait. Therefore, by setting the buffer size of the channel, you can effectively control the speed and memory usage of concurrent execution.

For example, add the following code to the program:

var ch = make(chan int, 10) //Set the buffer size to 10

3. Memory Management

1. Adjust garbage collection strategy

In Golang, the garbage collection mechanism is automatically executed. Its working principle is to constantly check whether the memory in the heap is still in use. If found If there is a memory block that is not referenced, it is marked as garbage and the space is reclaimed. In order to achieve better performance, you can control the frequency and efficiency of garbage collection by setting a garbage collection policy.

For example, add the following code to the program:

debug.SetGCPercent(100) //When setting garbage collection, garbage collection will be performed when the idle space on the heap is 100%

2. Adjust memory allocation strategy

In Golang, the memory allocation mechanism uses a heap and stack separation mechanism. The stack is used to store local variables and function calls, and the heap is used for dynamic allocation. Memory. In order to optimize the memory allocation efficiency, you can control the memory usage when the program is running by adjusting the memory allocation policy.

For example, add the following code to the program:

debug.SetMaxStack(16 * 1024) //Limit the stack size of each goroutine to 16KB

4. Performance analysis

1. Runtime monitoring

Runtime monitoring is a performance monitoring tool that comes with Golang. It can dynamically track the running status and resource usage of the program, such as CPU, Memory, number of goroutines, etc. The method of turning on runtime monitoring is as follows:

runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(1) //Turn on goroutine blocking monitoring
runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(1) //Turn on mutex lock competition monitoring
runtime.SetCPUProfileRate(1000 ) //Turn on CPU performance monitoring

2. Performance analysis

Performance analysis can generate detailed program execution status reports based on CPU time usage, including function call time , stack trace and other information. Golang's performance analysis tool pprof can help developers optimize program performance and fix bugs. The way to use pprof is as follows:

func main() {

f, _ := os.Create("profile.pb.gz")
defer f.Close()
pprof.StartCPUProfile(f)
defer pprof.StopCPUProfile()
//代码逻辑

}

Summary:

Golang as a high-performance programming language, its strategy Settings require developers to make flexible adjustments in different scenarios to achieve optimal program operation effects. In terms of concurrency settings, the running speed and memory usage of the program can be controlled by setting parameters such as the number of goroutines and channel buffers. In terms of memory management, better performance optimization can be achieved by adjusting the garbage collection strategy and memory allocation strategy. In terms of performance analysis, Golang provides a wealth of monitoring and analysis tools to help developers optimize program performance.

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