Home Database Mysql Tutorial SQL Server触发器创建、删除、修改、查看_MySQL

SQL Server触发器创建、删除、修改、查看_MySQL

May 27, 2016 pm 07:11 PM

一:触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,它不能被显式地调用,而是在往表中插入记录﹑更新记录或者删除记录时被自动地激活。所以触发器可以用来实现对表实施复杂的完整性约束。

 

二:SQL Server为每个触发器都创建了两个专用表:Inserted表和Deleted表。这两个表由系统来维护,它们存在于内存中而不是在数据库中。这两个表的结构总是与被该触发器作用的表的结构相同。触发器执行 完成后,与该触发器相关的这两个表也被删除。

 

Deleted表存放由于执行Delete或Update语句而要从表中删除的所有行。

 

Inserted表存放由于执行Insert或Update语句而要向表中插入的所有行。

 

三:Instead of 和 After触发器

 

SQL Server2000提供了两种触发器:Instead of 和After 触发器。这两种触发器的差别在于他们被激活的同:

 

Instead of触发器用于替代引起触发器执行的T-SQL语句。除表之外,Instead of 触发器也可以用于视图,用来扩展视图可以支持的更新操作。

 

After触发器在一个Insert,Update或Deleted语句之后执行,进行约束检查等动作都在After触发器被激活之前发生。After触发器只能用于表。

 

一个表或视图的每一个修改动作(insert,update和delete)都可以有一个instead of 触发器,一个表的每个修改动作都可以有多个After触发器。

 

四:触发器的执行过程

 

如果一个Insert﹑update或者delete语句违反了约束,那幺After触发器不会执行,因为对约束的检查是在After触发器被激动之前发生的。所以After触发器不能超越约束。

 

Instead of 触发器可以取代激发它的操作来执行。它在Inserted表和Deleted表刚刚建立,其它任何操作还没有发生时被执行。因为Instead of 触发器在约束之前执行,所以它可以对约束进行一些预处理。

 

五:使用T-SQL语句来创建触发器

 

基本语句如下:

create trigger trigger_name
on {table_name | view_name}
{for | After | Instead of }
[ insert, update,delete ]
as
sql_statement
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六:删除触发器:

基本语句如下:

drop trigger trigger_name
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七:查看数据库中已有触发器:

-- 查看数据库已有触发器
use jxcSoftware
go
select * from sysobjects where xtype="TR"
-- 查看单个触发器
exec sp_helptext "触发器名"
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八:修改触发器:

基本语句如下:

alter trigger trigger_name
on {table_name | view_name}
{for | After | Instead of }
[ insert, update,delete ]
as
sql_statement
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九:相关示例:

1:在Orders表中建立触发器,当向Orders表中插入一条订单记录时,检查goods表的货品状态status是否为1(正在整理),是,则不能往Orders表加入该订单。

create trigger orderinsert
on orders
after insert
as
if (select status from goods,inserted
where goods.name=inserted.goodsname)=1
begin
print "the goods is being processed"
print "the order cannot be committed"
rollback transaction --回滚,避免加入
end
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2:在Orders表建立一个插入触发器,在添加一条订单时,减少Goods表相应的货品记录中的库存。

create trigger orderinsert1
on orders
after insert
as
update goods set storage=storage-inserted.quantity
from goods,inserted
where
goods.name=inserted.goodsname
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3:在Goods表建立删除触发器,实现Goods表和Orders表的级联删除。

create trigger goodsdelete
on goods
after delete
as
delete from orders
where goodsname in
(select name from deleted)
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4:在Orders表建立一个更新触发器,监视Orders表的订单日期(OrderDate)列,使其不能手工修改.

create trigger orderdateupdate
on orders
after update
as
if update(orderdate)
begin
raiserror(" orderdate cannot be modified",10,1)
rollback transaction
end
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5:在Orders表建立一个插入触发器,保证向Orders表插入的货品名必须要在Goods表中一定存在。

create trigger orderinsert3
on orders
after insert
as
if (select count(*) from goods,inserted where goods.name=inserted.goodsname)=0
begin
print " no entry in goods for this order"
rollback transaction
end
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6:Orders表建立一个插入触发器,保证向Orders表插入的货品信息要在Order表中添加

alter trigger addOrder
on Orders
for insert
as
insert into Order
select inserted.Id, inserted.goodName,inserted.Number from inserted
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以上就是SQL Server触发器创建、删除、修改、查看_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!


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