How to convert objects in golang

Golang is a very popular programming language. It has the characteristics of efficiency, simplicity, and security. It is widely used in the fields of big data, network programming, and cloud computing. In Golang, object conversion is also one of the very important operations. If you are not familiar with object conversion, it will be difficult to complete the development of functions.

This article will focus on the basic concepts, implementation methods and precautions of object conversion in Golang, to help everyone better master Golang's object conversion technology.

1. Basic concepts of Golang object conversion

Object conversion is the process of converting an object from one type to another type. In Golang, the type of object is very important. Different types of objects can have different properties and methods. When we need to transfer or operate data between different types of objects, we need to perform object conversion.

Object conversion in Golang is divided into two types, namely implicit conversion and explicit conversion. Implicit conversion refers to type conversion that is automatically performed during compilation, such as assigning a variable of type int to a variable of type float64. Explicit conversion means that we need to manually convert an object to another type, such as converting an int type variable to a string type variable.

2. Golang object conversion implementation method

1. Forced type conversion

In Golang, forced type conversion is the most common object conversion method, which can convert an object for another type of object. For example, we can convert a string type variable into an integer variable as follows:

var str string = "100"
var num int
num, _ = strconv.Atoi(str)

In the above code, we use the Atoi function in the strconv library to convert the string type variable str into an integer Type variable num. During this process, we need to note that if the conversion fails, an error value will be returned. Therefore, we need to use the ignore error symbol "_" to ignore the error value.

2.json serialization and deserialization

Golang provides json serialization and deserialization libraries, which are very practical when converting objects. By serializing an object into a string in json format, we can interact with data between different programs and between different languages, which is very convenient. For example, we can serialize a structure object into a json string as follows:

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

p := Person{
    Name: "小明",
    Age:  18,
}
b, _ := json.Marshal(p)
fmt.Println(string(b))

In the above code, we define a Person structure, then serialize it into a json string and output it. The output is as follows:

{"name":"小明","age":18}

On the contrary, if we have a json string, we can also convert it into a structure in Golang through deserialization. The method is as follows:

var s = "{\"name\":\"小明\",\"age\":18}"
var p Person
json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &p)
fmt.Println(p.Name, p.Age)

In the above code, we use the Unmarshal function in the json library to convert the json string into a Person structure object. In this process, the type of the target object to be deserialized must be specified, and the json string needs to be converted into a byte type slice before passing it into the Unmarshal function.

3. Notes on Golang object conversion

1. Make sure the types are consistent before conversion

When converting objects, we must ensure that the types of objects to be converted are consistent. . If the types are inconsistent, the conversion will fail or produce unexpected errors, or even cause the program to crash.

2. Follow the conversion rules

When converting objects, we need to follow certain conversion rules. For example, when converting floating point data to integer data, Golang will round down by default. If we need to perform rounding operations, we need to manually write code to implement it.

3. Avoid circular calls

During the object conversion process, if we need to call multiple conversion functions, we need to avoid circular calls. Loop calls will cause the program to fall into an infinite loop and fail to return correct results.

Summary

Object conversion is very important in Golang. It is one of the basic operations to implement functions. In this article, we introduce the basic concepts, implementation methods and precautions of Golang object conversion, hoping to help developers better master Golang's object conversion technology.

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