How to undo previous commits using Git revert command

When using Git for code version control, it is inevitable that you need to undo previous submissions. Git provides several ways to undo submitted code changes, one of which is the revert command. The revert command allows you to roll back one or more previous commits to return the local code base to a specified state.

This article will introduce you how to use Git's revert command to undo previous submissions, as well as common problem solutions.

1. Different types of undo operations

There are two main version rollback operations in Git: reset and revert.

The reset operation is used to undo a local commit and point the HEAD pointer to the desired commit version (Hard Reset), or move the HEAD pointer to the path of the desired version (Soft Reset).

The revert command is used to undo previous commits and create new commits to revert changes. This method is especially useful for undoing commits that have been merged into other branches.

2. Use revert to undo previous submissions

By using the revert command, you can undo previous submissions and create new submissions to restore changes.

This command can use the following syntax:

$ git revert commit_id

Among them, commit_id is the ID of the submission to be revoked. It must be an exact value (can be found in the git log command).

This command will create a new commit, undo the changes brought by the specified commit, and merge the new commit onto the target branch so that others can understand where the undo was made.

For example, if we add a line to a file and commit the change and then want to undo the change, we can enter the following command:

$ git revert a1b2c3d4

This will undo the submission with ID a1b2c3d4 and Create a new commit to revert the changes.

3. Common problems and solutions of the revert command

When using the revert command, there are some common problems that need to be paid attention to.

1. Merge conflicts

If the revert command encounters a merge conflict, Git will prompt you to perform a manual merge. If you need to merge manually, you can use git merge to do it.

2. Revert partial changes to a file

If you want to undo partial changes from a commit (rather than the entire commit), you need to create a temporary using the git add and git commit commands submit. To do this, first create a new branch and move it to the location of the commit you want to revert:

$ git checkout -b temp_branch commit_id

Then use the following command to view the changes:

$ git diff HEAD^ HEAD

Use the following command to revert only the specified changes :

$ git checkout HEAD^ -- path/to/file
$ git checkout -p HEAD@{1} path/to/file

Finally, use the git add and git commit commands to create a new commit and merge it into the target branch:

$ git checkout origin/destination
$ git merge temp_branch

3. Regret

If you accidentally use the revert command to undo the wrong commit, you can use the git reflog command to find the previous commit history, and use the git reset command to roll back or even completely undo the changes.

$ git reflog
$ git reset HEAD@{1}

Or use the following command to roll back to the previous commit:

$ git reset --hard HEAD^

In this article, we introduce how to use Git’s revert command to undo previous commits and revert changes, as well as some common problems and their solutions. These operations can help you better manage your code base, thereby improving your work efficiency.

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