How to build a web application using Golang

As a popular programming language, Golang (also known as Go) is widely used to develop high-performance web applications. In this article, we will introduce how to build a web application using Golang.

1. Installing Golang

First, you need to install Golang on your computer. You can download the Golang installation package suitable for your operating system from the official website: https://golang.org/. After completing the installation, you can ensure that Golang has been successfully installed by entering the command in the command line:

$ go version
go version go1.13.3 darwin/amd64

2. Initialize Web Application

In order to create our web application program, we need to use "go mod" through the command line to initialize a new project. Enter the following command in the terminal window:

$ mkdir mywebapp
$ cd mywebapp
$ go mod init mywebapp

This will initialize a new Golang project and name it "mywebapp".

3. Create an HTTP server

Now, we can start creating our HTTP server. Create a file called "main.go" in the "mywebapp" folder and add the following content:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", Hello)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func Hello(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello from my web app!")
}

This code contains a function called "Hello" that will "Hello from my web app!" string is printed to the browser. Start our HTTP server by adding the "http.HandleFunc()" function and the "http.ListenAndServe()" function, which will start our web application on the "localhost:8080" port.

4. Run the web application

Run the following command in the command line to start your web application:

$ go run main.go

Now enter in the browser "http://localhost:8080", you will see the message "Hello from my web app!" output.

5. Create Routes and Static Files

To create a web application for specific routes, we can use the "gorilla/mux" package. You can install it with the following command:

$ go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux

In the "main.go" file, add the following:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "github.com/gorilla/mux"
)

func main() {
    router := mux.NewRouter()
    router.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler)
    router.HandleFunc("/products", ProductsHandler)
    router.HandleFunc("/articles", ArticlesHandler)
    router.PathPrefix("/static/").Handler(http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("static"))))

    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}

func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Welcome to the home page!")
}

func ProductsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Welcome to the products page!")
}

func ArticlesHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Welcome to the articles page!")
}

In the code, "HomeHandler", "ProductsHandler" and "ArticlesHandler" The functions respectively represent different routes, namely "/", "/products" and "/articles".

"http.Dir("static")" will serve static files under the "/static" path.

Now you can start the web application using the following command:

$ go run main.go

Enter "http://localhost:8080" in the browser and you will see the output "Welcome to the home page!" message. Enter "http://localhost:8080/products" or "http://localhost:8080/articles" into your browser, and you will see the output "Welcome to the products page!" or "Welcome to the articles page!" " news.

In short, it is very simple to build a web application using Golang, and we can easily create a powerful web application by following the above steps.

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