Detailed introduction to the basic knowledge and practical skills of Golang

Golang is a very popular programming language with good concurrency processing capabilities and excellent performance. If you want to quickly transition to Golang, this article will introduce you to the basic knowledge and practical skills of Golang in detail.

1. Basic knowledge

1. Workspace

Golang’s workspace refers to placing all Go projects in the same directory and using Different subdirectories to save each project separately.

Normally, Golang's workspace contains three subdirectories: src, pkg and bin.

• The src directory stores all Go source code.
• The pkg directory saves the compiled package files.
• The bin directory saves the generated executable file.

2. Package

In Golang, every file must belong to a package. At the same time, each package can have multiple source files. The package name is usually the same as the directory name where the source file is located. For example, a directory containing a file named main.go must be named main.

3. Comments

Golang supports single-line comments and block comments.

Use // to indicate single-line comments, and block comments to use / / symbols. For example:

// This is a single line comment

/*
This is a
block comment
*/

4. Variable

Variables in Golang can be divided into local variables and global variables. Local variables are only valid within a function, while global variables are valid throughout the entire program.

The declaration and initialization of variables can be done separately or at the same time. For example:

var i int
i = 10

var j = 20

k := 30

2. Practical skills

1. Concurrent programming

Golang’s concurrent programming capability is one of its biggest features. In Golang, you can use goroutine to create lightweight threads. This method can significantly improve the concurrency capability of the program and save resources.

When using goroutine, you need to use the go keyword to convert the function call into a lightweight thread. For example:

func main() {
go func(){

  fmt.Println("Hello from goroutine!")

}()
}

2. Error handling

In Golang, the best practice is to include errors in the return value instead of using exception handling. This approach improves code readability and maintainability.

When a function returns an error, you should use an if statement to check the error message. For example:

result, err := someFunction()

if err != nil {
// Error handling
}

3. Network Programming

Golang's network programming supports multiple protocols such as TCP and UDP. Using the net package, various network programming functions can be easily implemented.

The following is a sample code for implementing a TCP server using Golang:

listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:8000")
if err ! = nil {
log.Fatal("listen error:", err)
}

for {
conn, err := listener.Accept()
if err != nil {

  log.Fatal("accept error:", err)

}
go handleConnection(conn)
}

func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
// Read data and process it
}

4. Package Management

Golang’s package management tool is go mod. Using go mod, you can easily manage package dependencies and support switching between different versions.

Using go mod, you can use the following command to manage package dependencies:

go mod init # Initialize the module of the current project
go mod tidy # Check and update Dependence
go mod vendor #Copy all third-party packages to the vendor directory

3. Summary

This article introduces the basic knowledge and practical skills of Golang, including Golang’s workspace and packages , variables, concurrent programming, error handling, network programming and package management, etc. I believe these tips can help you better master Golang and quickly transform into an excellent Golang developer.

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