How to modify the memory configuration of Oracle database
Oracle数据库是世界上最受欢迎的关系数据库之一。作为一个可扩展的数据库,Oracle 可以在大型企业应用程序中处理大量复杂的数据。而在这些数据处理过程中,内存管理是非常关键的一项,因为合理的内存使用可以大大提高 Oracle 数据库的性能和响应速度。在本文中,我们将介绍如何修改 Oracle 数据库的内存配置。
一、了解 Oracle 数据库内存配置
Oracle 数据库在运行时将占用服务器的内存,这个内存称为 SGA(System Global Area)。SGA 由多个组件组成,包括共享池(shared pool)、数据库缓存(database buffer cache)、重做日志缓存(redo log buffer)等等。这些组件用来存储从硬盘读取到的数据和索引,以及处理排序和聚合操作时所需的中间结果。
另一方面,SGA 的大小通过参数 SGA_TARGET 和 SGA_MAX_SIZE 进行控制。SGA_TARGET 是指尝试分配给共享池、数据库缓存和重做日志的内存总量,而 SGA_MAX_SIZE 则是指 SGA_TARGET 可以增长到的最大值。这两个参数都可以通过 ALTER SYSTEM 命令进行修改,但只有 SGA_TARGET 可以在线修改,SGA_MAX_SIZE 必须在重启数据库后才能生效。
二、修改 Oracle 数据库内存大小
在修改 Oracle 数据库内存大小之前,我们需要先了解每个组件的作用和大小,并对当前数据库的 SGA_CONFIG、SGA_TARGET 和 SGA_MAX_SIZE 进行查询。查询命令如下:
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执行该命令后,会输出当前数据库中与 SGA 相关的参数设置。一般情况下,SGA_TARGET 和 SGA_MAX_SIZE 应该是相等的,如果不是的话,可以通过以下命令将它们改为相同的值:
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其中,
修改完成后,你需要重新启动数据库,以使新的内存配置生效。为了确保修改成功,你可以再次执行 show parameter sga 命令来查看修改后的参数值是否已经生效。
三、设置共享池的大小
共享池是 SGA 中最重要的组件之一。它用于存储共享 SQL 和 PL/SQL 语句和对象的内存。在 Oracle 数据库中,应用程序查询数据库时,通常会执行相同或类似的 SQL 语句,这些语句会被缓存在共享池中,以便快速执行相同或类似的查询。因此,共享池的大小对于 Oracle 数据库的性能和响应速度至关重要。
若要修改共享池的大小,可以使用以下命令:
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其中,
类似地,你也需要重新启动数据库,以使新的内存配置生效,并通过以下命令验证修改后的参数值是否已经生效:
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四、设置数据库缓存的大小
数据库缓存是存储在 SGA 中的另一项关键组件。它缓存了数据库中的数据块和索引,以便减少对磁盘的访问次数和响应时间。与共享池不同,数据库缓存的大小通常需要根据应用程序的需求进行设置,因此很难提供一般性的建议。
针对大型 OLTP 应用程序,建议将数据库缓存设置为 50% ~ 70% 的 SGA 资源。而对于大型 OLAP 应用程序,则建议将数据库缓存设置为 80% ~ 90% 的 SGA 资源。
若要修改数据库缓存的大小,可以使用以下命令:
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其中,
修改完成后,你需要重新启动数据库,以使新的内存配置生效,并通过以下命令验证修改后的参数值是否已经生效:
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五、设置重做日志缓存的大小
重做日志缓存是 SGA 中的一个组件,用于存储正在进行的事务的重做日志。重做日志缓存通常使用较小的内存大小,这是因为 Oracle 数据库可以将重做日志通过轮替操作切换到磁盘上的多个文件中,以便确保磁盘空间的充分利用。但是,在高事务环境下,需要相应地增加重做日志缓存的大小。
若要修改重做日志缓存的大小,可以使用以下命令:
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其中,
修改完成后,你需要重新启动数据库,以使新的内存配置生效,并通过以下命令验证修改后的参数值是否已经生效:
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六、总结
In this article, we discussed how to modify the memory configuration of the Oracle database, including the size of SGA_TARGET, SGA_MAX_SIZE, shared pool, database cache and redo log cache, etc. Modifications to these parameters must be carefully considered to ensure that the database balances memory and disk usage, maximizing performance and responsiveness.
The above is the detailed content of How to modify the memory configuration of Oracle database. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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