Detailed introduction to IP address translation in Golang

Golang is an object-oriented programming language. It can be said that its rise is very rapid and has high practicality. In Golang, we usually need to perform some IP address conversion operations, which may be a relatively difficult problem for beginners. This article will introduce you to IP address conversion in Golang in detail, so that you can better understand this knowledge.

First, we need to understand the IP address types in Golang. There are two types of IP addresses in Golang. One is the IPv4 address, which is composed of a 32-bit unsigned integer and is usually expressed like this: a.b.c.d. The other is the IPv6 address, which is composed of 128-bit integers and is usually represented like this: a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h. In Golang, both IP address types are defined as net.IP types.

The conversion of an IP address usually includes two parts: the string representation format of the IP address and the binary representation format of the IP address. Below we will explain these two parts in detail.

The first is the string representation format of the IP address. In Golang, we can easily convert an IP address into a string, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.IPv4(192, 168, 0, 1)
    fmt.Println(ip.String())
}

In this example, we create an IPv4 address by calling the net.IPv4 function. Next, we called the ip.String() method to convert it to a string and output the result to the console. The output of the program is: 192.168.0.1.

We can also convert a string to an IP address through the net.ParseIP function, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.0.1")
    fmt.Println(ip)
}

In this example, we call the net.ParseIP function to convert a string for an IP address. It should be noted here that if the string cannot be converted to a valid IP address, the net.ParseIP function will return a nil value. The output of the program is: c0a80001.

In the above results, "c0a80001" is the hexadecimal representation of the IPv4 address 192.168.0.1. Because the IPv4 address is composed of four 8-bit unsigned integers, after converting these four integers into hexadecimal strings, we can splice them together to get a string of length 8. In Golang, you can convert the IPv4 address into a byte slice of length 4 by calling the net.IP.To4() method, and then call the hex.EncodeToString() function to convert this byte slice into a hexadecimal String representation. For example:

package main

import (
    "encoding/hex"
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.0.1")
    if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
        fmt.Println(hex.EncodeToString(ip4))
    }
}

In this example, we call the net.ParseIP function to convert a string into an IP address. Next, we called the ip.To4() method to convert the IP address into a byte slice of length 4, and assigned the result to the ip4 variable. If the IP address is not an IPv4 address, the ip4 variable will be nil. Finally, we called the hex.EncodeToString function to convert this byte slice into a hexadecimal string representation. The output of the program is: c0a80001.

Next, we will explain how to convert an IP address to its binary representation. In Golang, you can convert the IPv4 address into a byte slice of length 4 by calling the net.IP.To4() method to obtain its binary representation. For example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.0.1")
    if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
        fmt.Println(ip4)
    }
}

In this example, we call the net.ParseIP function to convert a string into an IP address. Next, we called the ip.To4() method to convert the IP address into a byte slice of length 4, and assigned the result to the ip4 variable. If the IP address is not an IPv4 address, the ip4 variable will be nil. Finally, we output this byte slice to the console. The output result of the program is: [192 168 0 1].

The conversion operation of IPv6 address is similar to that of IPv4 address. In Golang, you can create an IPv6 address by calling the net.IPv6unspecified function, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.IPv6unspecified
    fmt.Println(ip)
}

In this example, we called the net.IPv6unspecified function to create an IPv6 address. This address is composed of 16 zeros and represents an unspecified IPv6 address. Finally, we output this address to the console. The output of the program is:::.

Similarly, we can also convert a string to an IPv6 address by calling the net.ParseIP function, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1")
    fmt.Println(ip)
}

In this example, we call the net.ParseIP function to convert a The string is converted to an IPv6 address. The output result of the program is: 2001:db8::1.

In Golang, the binary representation format of IPv6 address is also composed of byte slices. However, the length of this byte slice is 16, not 4. We can also convert the IPv6 address to its binary representation by calling the net.IP.To16() method, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1")
    fmt.Println(ip.To16())
}

In this example, we call the net.ParseIP function to convert a string for an IPv6 address. Next, we called the ip.To16() method to convert the IP address into a 16-byte slice, and output the result to the console. The output of the program is: 20010db8000000000000000000000001.

To summarize, IP address conversion is a relatively basic operation and is often used in development. In Golang, we can easily convert an IP address into its string representation format or binary representation format, just call the corresponding method. Of course, in actual development, we also need to perform some other operations on an IP address, such as obtaining host name, port number and other information. We will explain this knowledge in detail in subsequent articles.

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