How to escape golang url

In Golang, URL escaping is the process of converting a URL string into a URL-safe string. A URL string is a string that combines various characters, including letters, numbers, symbols, etc. However, HTTP URLs need to be converted into safe strings to ensure that no problems will occur during network transmission, which requires escaping the URL strings.

There are two ways to escape URL, one is to escape reserved characters, and the other is to escape non-ASCII characters. Both of these escaping methods are used to avoid errors caused by special characters in the URL string.

Escape reserved characters

Reserved characters refer to characters with special meanings in URL strings, such as spaces, vertical bars, question marks, percent signs, etc. These characters need to be escaped when used in URLs.

In Golang, URL escaping provides two methods, one is to use the Escape function in the net/url package, and the other is to use the EscapeString function. The Escape function is used to escape special characters in the URL string, and the EscapeString function is used to escape the entire URL string. The following is an example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    urlString := "http://www.example.com/path with spaces"
    escapedString := url.QueryEscape(urlString)
    fmt.Println("Escaped string:", escapedString)
}

The output result is:

Escaped string: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com%2Fpath+with+spaces

As you can see, spaces are escaped to " ", and characters such as colons, slashes, and periods are escaped to other characters. The form of the ASCII code value.

Non-ASCII character escaping

In addition to reserved characters that need to be escaped, you also need to pay attention to the escaping of non-ASCII characters when using URLs. Non-ASCII characters refer to characters in the Unicode encoding table. These characters need to be escaped by converting them to the form %HH, where HH represents the hexadecimal value of the character in the Unicode encoding table.

In Golang, URL escaping non-ASCII characters requires the use of the PathEscape function in the net/url package. The sample code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    urlString := "http://www.example.com/你好"
    escapedString := url.PathEscape(urlString)
    fmt.Println("Escaped string:", escapedString)
}

The output result is:

Escaped string: http://www.example.com/%E4%BD%A0%E5%A5%BD

Yes As you can see, the non-ASCII character "hello" is escaped to the form hello, which is the hexadecimal value of this character in the Unicode encoding table.

Summary

In Golang, URL escaping is a very important skill. By escaping reserved characters and non-ASCII characters in the URL string, you can ensure that there will be no problems during network transmission. In actual development, it is necessary to have an in-depth understanding of URL escaping rules to reduce URL encoding errors.

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