Explain the core principles and usage of Thrift golang implementation

Thrift is a cross-language, multi-service type remote service framework. It supports the use of the interface description language defined by IDL to define cross-language RPC interfaces. Among them, Thrift's golang implementation provides a lightweight and efficient RPC framework, which has been widely used in distributed systems. This article will explain the core principles and usage of Thrift golang implementation.

1. Working principle of Thrift golang implementation

Thrift uses IDL language to define interfaces, and generates interface codes in various languages ​​​​through a code generator, and then uses RPC protocol to communicate between different languages. communication. Thrift's golang implementation also adopts this idea, using the gothrift tool to generate Go language interface code to implement RPC communication between different languages.

Specifically, using Thrift's golang implementation requires the following steps:

1. Define the IDL interface file

First, you need to define the interface file using the IDL language, specifically For syntax, please refer to Thrift official documentation. The following is a simple IDL example:

namespace go thrift.demo

struct Person {
    1: i32 Id
    2: string Name
    3: i32 Age
}

service DemoService {
    void SayHello()
    i32 Add(1:i32 a, 2:i32 b)
    Person GetPerson(1:i32 id)
}

The above IDL file defines a Service named "DemoService", which contains three methods "SayHello", "Add" and "GetPerson". Among them, the parameters of the "Add" method include two integer parameters a and b, and the return value is an integer. The parameter of the "GetPerson" method is an integer id and returns a structure "Person".

2. Generate Go code

Next, you need to use the gothrift tool to generate the corresponding golang interface code. The specific steps are as follows:

• Install gothrift

Use the go command line tool to install gothrift:

go get github.com/apache/thrift/lib/go/thrift

• Execute gothrift

Use the generated IDL file to execute gothrift to generate Go code:

gothrift --out=./gen --template=go thrift-demo.thrift

After executing the above command, the golang code file will be generated.

3. Implement interface services

After obtaining the generated golang interface code, you need to implement these interface services. The following are some implementation examples:

type demoServiceImpl struct{}

func (demoServiceImpl) SayHello(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
    fmt.Println("Hello World")
    return
}

func (demoServiceImpl) Add(ctx context.Context, a, b int32) (int32, error) {
    return a + b, nil
}

func (demoServiceImpl) GetPerson(ctx context.Context, id int32) (*Person, error) {
    person := &Person{
        Id: id,
        Name: "张三",
        Age: 25,
    }
    return person, nil
}

In the above code, a type named "demoServiceImpl" is defined and three methods "SayHello", "Add" and "GetPerson" are implemented.

4. Start the service

After completing the implementation of the interface service, you need to start the service for remote calling. The following is some sample code:

transportFactory := thrift.NewTBufferedTransportFactory(8192)
protocolFactory := thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()
addr := "localhost:9091"
transport, err := thrift.NewTServerSocket(addr)
if err != nil {
    return
}
handler := &demoServiceImpl{}
processor := demo.NewDemoServiceProcessor(handler)
server := thrift.NewTSimpleServer4(processor, transport, transportFactory, protocolFactory)
server.Serve()

In the above code, first use "NewTBufferedTransportFactory" and "NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault" to create transportFactory and protocolFactory objects. Then use "NewTServerSocket" to open ServerSocket at the specified address. Then pass in the "demoServiceImpl" object that implements the "DemoService" interface, and create the "DemoServiceProcessor" processor. Finally, use "NewTSimpleServer4" to enable service monitoring.

2. How to use Thrift golang implementation

The following introduces how to use Thrift golang implementation:

1. Install Thrift

Download the binary package of Thrift and install.

2. Create an IDL file

Use IDL language to define the interface file and define the interface methods and data types.

3. Generate Golang interface code

Use the gothrift tool to generate Golang interface code. Please refer to the steps above.

4. Implement the interface service

Write the implementation code of the interface service based on the generated interface definition.

5. Start the service

According to the sample code, enable Thrift server monitoring.

6. Client calling interface

Thrift client makes remote calls through the generated Golang interface code. The following is a simple sample code:

transport, err := thrift.NewTSocket("localhost:9091")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
if err := transport.Open(); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
defer transport.Close()

protocolFactory := thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()
client := demo.NewDemoServiceClientFactory(transport, protocolFactory)
if err := client.SayHello(context.Background()); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
res, _ := client.Add(context.Background(), 1, 2)
fmt.Println(res)
person, _ := client.GetPerson(context.Background(), 1)
fmt.Println(person)

In the above code, first create the client transport object and connect to the Thrift server. Then create the "NewDemoServiceClientFactory" client object and use the "SayHello", "Add" and "GetPerson" methods to make remote calls.

Summary:

This article introduces the working principle and usage of Thrift golang implementation. Using Thrift to implement RPC can effectively reduce development costs and speed up system development progress. Thrift's golang implementation is a lightweight, efficient RPC framework that is widely used in distributed systems.

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