How to handle file paths in Node.js

Node.js is a server-side scripting language that supports the development of various network applications. File handling is an important part of the development process. In Node.js, reading and writing files and manipulating file paths are very common operations. This article will discuss how to handle file paths in Node.js.

The file path refers to the location of the file on the computer storage device. In different operating systems and file systems, file paths are represented differently. In Windows operating systems, file paths use backslashes (\) as directory separators, for example:

C:\Users\username\Documents\file.txt

. In Unix-like operating systems (such as Linux, macOS), file paths use forward slashes ( /) as the directory separator, for example:

/home/username/documents/file.txt

In Node.js, in order to be able to use file paths across platforms, it is recommended to use the built-in path module of Node.js. This module provides some useful functions that can help us deal with file paths.

Get the file name

path.basename()The function can be used to get the name of the file in the file path, for example:

const path = require('path');

const filePath = '/home/username/documents/file.txt';
const fileName = path.basename(filePath);

console.log(fileName); // 输出：file.txt

This function accepts Takes a path as argument and returns the base name of the file. If there is no filename in the file path, an empty string is returned.

Get the directory name

path.dirname()The function can be used to get the directory path in the file path, for example:

const path = require('path');

const filePath = '/home/username/documents/file.txt';
const dirName = path.dirname(filePath);

console.log(dirName); // 输出：/home/username/documents

This function Accepts a path as argument and returns the path to the directory in which it is located. Note that this function does not return the file name.

Splicing path

path.join()The function can be used to splice multiple path fragments into a complete path, for example:

const path = require('path');

const dirName = '/home/username/documents';
const fileName = 'file.txt';
const filePath = path.join(dirName, fileName);

console.log(filePath); // 输出：/home/username/documents/file.txt

This function accepts any number of arguments and concatenates them into paths.

Get the file extension

path.extname()The function can be used to get the extension in the file path, for example:

const path = require('path');

const filePath = '/home/username/documents/file.txt';
const extName = path.extname(filePath);

console.log(extName); // 输出：.txt

This function Accepts a path as argument and returns its extension. If there is no extension in the file path, an empty string is returned.

Determine whether a path is an absolute path

path.isAbsolute()The function can be used to determine whether a path is an absolute path, for example:

const path = require('path');

console.log(path.isAbsolute('/home/username/documents')); // 输出：true
console.log(path.isAbsolute('documents/file.txt')); // 输出：false

This function accepts a path as a parameter and returns a Boolean value indicating whether the path is absolute.

Get the relative path

path.relative()The function can be used to get the relative path between two paths, for example:

const path = require('path');

const from = '/home/username/documents';
const to = '/home/username/projects/node-project';
const relativePath = path.relative(from, to);

console.log(relativePath); // 输出：../projects/node-project

The The function accepts two paths as parameters and returns the second path relative to the first path.

Finally

In Node.js, file processing and path processing are common operations in development. By using the built-in path module, we can easily handle file paths on various platforms. Hope this article can help you.

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