Home Backend Development Golang How to modify the tag information of structure fields in Golang

How to modify the tag information of structure fields in Golang

Apr 06, 2023 am 08:56 AM

Golang是一种现代化而强大的编程语言,被广泛用于开发网络应用程序、系统级应用程序等。在Golang中,tag也是一个非常有用的特性,它可以用来描述结构体字段的元数据信息,例如JSON序列化的名称,数据库表字段的名称等。

在Golang中,使用反射可以获取结构体字段的tag信息。但是,如果需要在运行时动态修改结构体字段的tag信息,该怎么办呢?本文将介绍如何在Golang中修改结构体字段的tag信息。

首先,我们需要了解Golang中如何定义一个结构体以及结构体字段的tag信息。下面是一个简单的示例:

type User struct {
    ID        int `json:"id" db:"user_id"`
    Name      string `json:"name" db:"user_name"`
    Age       int `json:"age" db:"user_age"`
    Email     string `json:"email" db:"user_email"`
}
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在上面的示例中,我们定义了一个名为User的结构体,并为结构体的各个字段添加了不同的tag信息。其中,json和db是自定义的两种标签,用于描述字段在序列化和存储到数据库中的信息。

现在假设我们需要将User结构体中的Email字段的db标签修改为new_user_email,该怎么办呢?

方法一:使用字符串替换

我们可以使用字符串替换的方式来修改结构体字段的tag信息,代码如下:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type User struct {
    ID        int `json:"id" db:"user_id"`
    Name      string `json:"name" db:"user_name"`
    Age       int `json:"age" db:"user_age"`
    Email     string `json:"email" db:"user_email"`
}

func main() {
    t := reflect.TypeOf(User{})
    field, _ := t.FieldByName("Email")
    tag := field.Tag

    newTag := tag.Get("json") + " db:\"new_user_email\""

    u := User{
        ID: 1,
        Name: "Bob",
        Age: 18,
        Email: "",
    }

    structValue := reflect.ValueOf(&u).Elem()
    structFieldValue := structValue.FieldByName("Email")
    structFieldType := structFieldValue.Type()
    newFieldValue := reflect.New(structFieldType).Elem()
    newFieldValue.SetString(u.Email)
    structFieldValue.Set(newFieldValue)

    field.Tag = reflect.StructTag(newTag)
    fmt.Printf("tag: %v\n", field.Tag)
}
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在上面的代码中,我们首先通过reflect包获取了User结构体的类型信息,然后通过TypeOf和FieldByName方法获取了Email字段的tag信息。接着,我们使用Get方法获取了该字段的json标签的值,并将db标签的值修改为new_user_email。

接下来,我们创建了一个名为u的User变量,并将其Email字段的值设为空字符串。然后,使用reflect包获取该字段的值并保存在newFieldValue变量中,并使用Set方法将其设置为结构体字段的新值。

最后,我们将修改后的tag信息设置回Email字段,并输出结果,结果如下:

tag: json:"email" db:"new_user_email"
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使用字符串替换的方式虽然可以达到修改tag信息的目的,但这种方法并不严格,因为我们只是简单地将字符串中的db标签替换为了new_user_email。如果tag信息中还包括其他的标签,则可能会出现不可预知的问题。

方法二:使用reflect.StructTag

为了解决字符串替换带来的问题,Golang提供了reflect.StructTag类型,它将tag信息解析为一个key-value形式的map类型。我们可以先将tag解析为key-value的形式,然后修改其中的某个标签的值,最后再将其重新设置回结构体字段中。代码如下:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type User struct {
    ID        int `json:"id" db:"user_id"`
    Name      string `json:"name" db:"user_name"`
    Age       int `json:"age" db:"user_age"`
    Email     string `json:"email" db:"user_email"`
}

func main() {
    t := reflect.TypeOf(User{})
    field, _ := t.FieldByName("Email")
    tag := field.Tag

    tags, err := parseTag(tag)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    newTag := ""
    for k, v := range tags {
        if k == "db" {
            v = "new_user_email"
        }
        if newTag == "" {
            newTag += fmt.Sprintf("%s:\"%s\"", k, v)
        } else {
            newTag += fmt.Sprintf(" %s:\"%s\"", k, v)
        }
    }

    u := User{
        ID: 1,
        Name: "Bob",
        Age: 18,
        Email: "",
    }

    structValue := reflect.ValueOf(&u).Elem()
    structFieldValue := structValue.FieldByName("Email")
    structFieldType := structFieldValue.Type()
    newFieldValue := reflect.New(structFieldType).Elem()
    newFieldValue.SetString(u.Email)
    structFieldValue.Set(newFieldValue)

    field.Tag = reflect.StructTag(newTag)
    fmt.Printf("tag: %v\n", field.Tag)
}

func parseTag(tag reflect.StructTag) (map[string]string, error) {
    result := make(map[string]string)
    tags := tag.Get("")
    for tags != "" {
        var next string
        next, tags = nextTag(tags)
        if next == "-" {
            break
        }
        parts := strings.SplitN(next, ":", 2)
        if len(parts) != 2 {
            return nil, errors.New("malformed field tag: " + next)
        }
        result[parts[0]] = parts[1]
    }
    return result, nil
}

func nextTag(tags string) (string, string) {
    for i := 0; i < len(tags); i++ {
        if tags[i] == ' ' || tags[i] == '\t' {
            continue
        }
        end := i + 1
        for end < len(tags) && tags[end] != ' ' && tags[end] != '\t' && tags[end] != '"' && tags[end] != '\'' {
            if tags[end] == '\\' {
                end++
            }
            end++
        }
        if end >= len(tags) {
            return tags[i:], ""
        }
        if tags[end] == '"' || tags[end] == '\'' {
            end++
            j := end
            for j < len(tags) && tags[j] != tags[end-1] {
                if tags[j] == '\\' {
                    j++
                }
                j++
            }
            if j >= len(tags) {
                return tags[i:], ""
            }
            end = j + 1
        }
        return tags[i:end], tags[end:]
    }
    return "", ""
}
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在上面的代码中,我们重新定义了parseTag函数,该函数用于将tag字符串解析为一个key-value形式的map类型。接着,在main函数中,我们首先通过reflect包获取了User结构体的类型信息,然后通过TypeOf和FieldByName方法获取了Email字段的tag信息。

接下来,我们调用了parseTag函数,将字段的tag信息解析为一个map类型,并修改了其中的db标签的值。最后,我们将修改后的tag信息设置回Email字段,并输出结果。

总结

通过上面的两种方法,我们可以很方便地实现了在Golang中修改结构体字段的tag信息。不过在实际开发中,我们应该更多地考虑如何规划好tag的使用,减少在运行时修改tag信息的可能性。同时,在使用第二种方法时,我们也需要注意处理好tag字符串的各种情况,尤其是对特殊字符的处理。

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