In October 2016, the U.S. government released two important reports, "Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence" and the "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan." The former discussed the development status, application fields and potential public policy issues of artificial intelligence; the latter proposed seven strategies and two suggestions for the United States to prioritize the development of artificial intelligence.
In May 2018, the White House held an Artificial Intelligence Summit, inviting representatives from industry, academia, and government to participate, and established a special committee on artificial intelligence to increase the federal government’s investment in the field of artificial intelligence and strive to eliminate innovation and regulatory barriers to improve the freedom and flexibility of artificial intelligence innovation.
In 2019, the U.S. government announced the "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan: 2019 Update", which expanded the previous strategy to 8 and added the following: expanding public-private partnerships and accelerating the development of artificial intelligence. A new strategy.
The Japanese government and business community attach great importance to the development of artificial intelligence. They not only regard the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and robots as the core of the fourth industrial revolution, but also establish A relatively complete R&D promotion mechanism was established, and 2017 was identified as the first year of artificial intelligence. Although compared with China and the United States, Japan’s capital investment in the artificial intelligence and robotics industries is not high, its strategic response is not slow.
In January 2015, the Japanese government released the "New Robot Strategy" and planned to achieve three core goals through the implementation of the "Five-Year Action Plan", namely, "World Robot Innovation Base" and "The World's No. 1 Robot Application" The country's "Towards a New Era of World-Leading Robots" enables Japan to complete the robot revolution to cope with increasingly prominent social problems and enhance the international competitiveness of Japan's manufacturing industry.
In March 2017, Japan’s Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy Committee released the “Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy” report, which elaborated on the roadmap and plan formulated by the Japanese government for the development of artificial intelligence industrialization.
In the first half of 2018, the Indian government think tank released the "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy", aiming to achieve the goal of "AI for All".
The strategy focuses on deploying artificial intelligence applications in five major areas: health care, agriculture, education, smart cities, infrastructure and smart transportation, with two levels: "AI Research Center of Excellence" and "International AI Transformation Center" Based on the comprehensive strategy, we will strengthen scientific research, encourage skills training, accelerate the application of artificial intelligence in the entire industrial chain, and ultimately realize the grand blueprint of making India a model for artificial intelligence development.
In April 2018, the European Commission released the policy document "Artificial Intelligence in the European Union". The report proposed that the EU will adopt a three-pronged approach to promote the development of artificial intelligence in Europe: Increase financial support and encourage public and private enterprises to apply artificial intelligence technology; promote the upgrading of education and training systems to adapt to the changes brought by artificial intelligence to employment; research and formulate artificial intelligence ethics guidelines and establish appropriate ethical and legal frameworks.
In December 2018, the European Commission and its member states released the Artificial Intelligence Coordination Plan with the theme of "Artificial Intelligence Made in Europe". In addition to defining core initiatives for artificial intelligence, the plan also includes specific projects involving the development of efficient electronic systems and electronic components, as well as specialized chips for artificial intelligence applications, quantum technology and human brain mapping.
Germany is the first country to launch the "Industry 4.0" strategy. This is a revolutionary and basic science and technology strategy that is planned to be carried out from the most basic manufacturing level. Reform, thereby achieving a qualitative leap in industrial development. "Industry 4.0" includes many related research and applications in the fields of intelligent manufacturing, artificial intelligence, robotics and other fields.
In July 2018, the German federal government issued the document "Key Points of the Federal Government's Artificial Intelligence Strategy", requiring the federal government to increase funding for research and development and innovation transformation in key areas related to artificial intelligence, and to strengthen cooperation with French artificial intelligence. Cooperate in construction to achieve interconnection; strengthen the construction of artificial intelligence infrastructure and elevate the research and development and application of artificial intelligence to the world's leading level.
In March 2018, France released the "French Artificial Intelligence Development Strategy", which will focus on developing artificial intelligence by combining advantageous industries such as medical care, automobiles, energy, finance, and aerospace. technology, and announced an investment of 1.5 billion euros in artificial intelligence research by 2020 to create a better comprehensive environment for French artificial intelligence technology research and development.
France’s artificial intelligence development strategy focuses on seizing the commanding heights of core technologies and standardization, and focuses on the development of big data, supercomputers and other technologies. In terms of the application of artificial intelligence, we focus on areas such as health, transportation, ecological economy, gender equality, e-government, and medical care.
The United Kingdom is one of the most active countries in Europe in promoting the development of artificial intelligence, and has always been an academic center for artificial intelligence research. In April 2018, the British government released the "New Deal for the Artificial Intelligence Industry" report, which involves promoting government and company research and development, increasing investment in STEM education, improving digital infrastructure, increasing artificial intelligence talents, and leading global digital ethics exchanges. Aims to promote the UK as a global leader in artificial intelligence.
As a long-established industrial power, the United Kingdom has a far-reaching layout on the issue of artificial intelligence. The UK has invested a large amount of money in areas such as artificial intelligence, smart energy technology, robotics and 5G networks, paying more attention to practice and practicality. It has carried out extensive applications of artificial intelligence technology in marine engineering, aerospace, agriculture, medical and other fields. At the same time, another feature of the UK's development of artificial intelligence is its focus on cultivating artificial intelligence talents.
China attaches great importance to the development of artificial intelligence. At a time when countries are intensively formulating artificial intelligence development strategies, China is also strengthening top-level design and talent training. In May 2015, the State Council issued "Made in China 2025", which clarified nine strategic tasks and priorities and proposed eight aspects of strategic support and guarantees. The goal is to promote China's transformation from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.
In August 2016, the State Council issued the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Science and Technology Innovation", which clearly regarded artificial intelligence as the main direction for the development of a new generation of information technology. In July 2017, the State Council issued the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan", which covers research and development, industrialization, talent development, education and vocational training, standard setting and regulations, ethics and safety, etc., and established a "three-step Go” strategic goal.
The first step is that by 2020, the overall technology and application of artificial intelligence will be synchronized with the world's advanced level, the artificial intelligence industry will become a new important economic growth point, and the application of artificial intelligence technology will become a new way to improve people's livelihood, strongly supporting the entry of ranks among innovative countries and achieves the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The second step is to achieve a major breakthrough in the basic theory of artificial intelligence by 2025, and some technologies and applications will reach the world's leading level. Artificial intelligence will become the main driving force for my country's industrial upgrading and economic transformation, and the construction of an intelligent society will be achieved. Make positive progress.
The third step is to reach the world's leading level in artificial intelligence theory, technology and application by 2030, becoming the world's major artificial intelligence innovation center, achieving obvious results in smart economy and smart society, and laying the foundation for becoming an innovative It has laid an important foundation for the country to be at the forefront and become an economic powerhouse.
In order to implement the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan", the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Three-Year Action Plan to Promote the Development of the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry (2018-2020)" in December 2017. The plan points out that through the implementation of four key tasks, a series of iconic artificial intelligence products have achieved important breakthroughs, formed international competitive advantages in several key areas, the integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy has been further deepened, and the industrial development environment has been further optimized.
First, key artificial intelligence products have developed on a large scale, the technical level of intelligent connected cars has been greatly improved, intelligent service robots have been applied on a large scale, intelligent drones and other products have strong global competitiveness, and medical imaging assistance Diagnostic systems and other products have expanded clinical applications, and products such as video image recognition, intelligent speech, and intelligent translation have reached internationally advanced levels.
Second, the overall core basic capabilities of artificial intelligence have been significantly enhanced, smart sensor technology products have achieved breakthroughs, design, foundry, packaging and testing technologies have reached international levels, and neural network chips have been mass-produced and applied on a large scale in key areas. The open source development platform initially has the ability to support the rapid development of the industry.
Third, the development of intelligent manufacturing is deepened. Artificial intelligence technologies such as complex environment recognition and new human-computer interaction are accelerated in the integration and application of key technical equipment. New technologies such as intelligent production, large-scale personalized customization, and predictive maintenance are accelerated. The application level of the model has been significantly improved, and the level of intelligence in key industrial fields has been significantly improved.
Fourth, the artificial intelligence industry support system has been basically established. A high-quality annotated data resource library and standard test data set of a certain scale have been built and opened. The artificial intelligence standard system, test evaluation system and safety assurance system framework have been initially established. The intelligent network infrastructure system has gradually taken shape, and the industrial development environment has become more complete.
Recently, the "Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Goals for 2035" once again clearly stated that "developing strategic emerging industries" and "promoting the Internet , big data, artificial intelligence and other industries are deeply integrated." This puts forward new requirements for accelerating the development of artificial intelligence technology in the new era and deepening the integration and application of artificial intelligence and manufacturing.
Looking at the history of world technological development for more than a hundred years, there has never been a technology that has received such high attention from governments around the world as artificial intelligence technology.
First, artificial intelligence technology has become a new focus of international competition. Artificial intelligence is a strategic technology that will lead the future. Major developed countries in the world regard the development of artificial intelligence as a major strategy to enhance national competitiveness and maintain national security.
Second, artificial intelligence has become a new engine for economic development. As the core driving force of a new round of industrial transformation, artificial intelligence will further release the huge energy accumulated in previous scientific and technological revolutions and industrial changes, and create new powerful engines to reconstruct production, distribution, exchange, consumption and other economic activity links, forming a New demands for intelligence in various fields from macro to micro have spawned new technologies, new products, new industries, new formats, and new models, triggered major changes in the economic structure, profoundly changed human production, lifestyles, and thinking patterns, and achieved an overall jump in social productivity. .
Third, artificial intelligence brings new opportunities for social construction. At present, China is still facing severe challenges such as population aging and resource and environmental constraints. Artificial intelligence is widely used in education, medical care, elderly care, environmental protection, urban operations, judicial services and other fields, which will greatly improve the level of precision in public services and comprehensively Improve people's quality of life.
Fourth, the uncertainty in the development of artificial intelligence brings new challenges. Artificial intelligence is a disruptive technology with wide impact. It may bring about problems such as changing the employment structure, impacting laws and social ethics, invading personal privacy, and challenging the norms of international relations. It will have far-reaching consequences for government management, economic security, social stability, and even global governance. Influence.
This article is excerpted from "Intelligent Manufacturing: How AI Implements Manufacturing" (ISBN: 978-7-111-69931-6), and is published with the authorization of the publisher.
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