The world's first room-temperature quantum computer is launched! No need for absolute zero, the main core is actually 'encrusted with diamonds'

Quantum computing is one of the most exciting (and hyped) areas of research currently. In this regard, German and Australian startup Quantum Brilliance has recently done something big. The world's first diamond-based room-temperature quantum computer was successfully installed in distant Oceania!

The world’s first commercial room temperature quantum computer

In short , Quantum Brilliance’s quantum computer requires neither absolute zero nor a complex laser system. So, why is room temperature something worth talking about?

The basic idea of ​​a quantum computing system is that qubits can be in a state that is not just "1" or "0", but something called a "superposition state" combination. This means that two qubits can be in the superposition state of "01", "10", "11" and "00", thereby representing more states and data.

But here comes the problem. These systems are still very sensitive to their environment. Qubits can only maintain a given superposition state for a very limited time, which is the "coherence time". If the coherence time is limited, it can lead to errors in the calculations performed by the qubit.

In traditional quantum computers, special cooling methods are required to ensure quantum coherence, but room-temperature quantum computers can omit this step. Quantum coherence, or in other words, the fact that particles must behave like waves, is the basis of all quantum effects.

So, how does Pawsey achieve a quantum computer running at room temperature?

This is about the unique quantum computing method used by Quantum Brilliance.

They took advantage of the naturally occurring nitrogen hole centers in synthetic diamond, rather than using traditional ion chains, silicon quantum dots or superconducting transport qubits.

A nitrogen hole refers to a defect in the diamond lattice that consists of substitute nitrogen atoms adjacent to the hole.

These nitrogen hole centers have the ability to produce photoluminescence and can read the spin of the qubit based on the characteristics of the emitted light. They no longer need to interact directly with the qubit. effect. Many techniques, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, microwave radiation and light, can be used directly to control the electron spin of nitrogen holes.

Diamond lattice structure with nitrogen holes According to the white paper previously released by the company, A diamond quantum computer that operates at room temperature consists of an array of processor nodes.

Each processor node consists of a nitrogen hole (NV) center and a cluster of nuclear spins: the intrinsic nitrogen nuclear spin and up to 4 nearby 13C nuclear spins spin impurities. The nuclear spin acts as the qubit of the computer, and the nitrogen hole serves as the quantum bus, mediating the initialization and readout of qubits, as well as multi-qubit operations within and between nodes.

Demonstrated initialization and readout fidelity exceeding 99.6% as of 2021 , while the gating fidelity of single qubit and double qubit exceeds 99.99% and 99% respectively, and the corresponding gating time is about 10 microseconds.

Some work has shown that using more advanced quantum control technology, the fidelity of the gate can exceed 99.999%, and the gate operation time can be less than 1 microsecond.

Due to limitations in implant mask fabrication and scattering of implanted ions, this accuracy cannot be achieved using existing "top-down" nitrogen ion implantation techniques to create NV centers.

One of Quantum Brilliance's key inventions is a "bottom-up" atomically precise diamond manufacturing technology that circumvents these limitations through surface chemistry and photolithography. Another important invention is the integrated quantum chip, which miniaturizes and integrates the electrical, optical, and magnetic control systems of the diamond quantum computer.

# However, according to the white paper, the system only has 5 qubits, which is obviously a far cry from Google’s 72 qubits. Far.

Quantum accelerator supercomputing=?

Now, most quantum computing work is done in simulation environments on platforms such as IBM’s Quiskit and Nvidia’s cuQuantum initiative. Moreover, the current mainstream of quantum computers is mainframe. Large refers to size. Existing products usually occupy several square meters or even the size of a room.

This is because various quantum hardware limits the size of mainframes, as they are large, fragile machines that require ultra-low temperatures and/or ultra-low pressures and complex control systems to operate. If there are no room-temperature quantum computers, then the situation will be that there are several quantum mainframes in every supercomputing and cloud computing facility around the world, but it is not possible to promote them to the extent of widespread application. Deploying room-temperature quantum computers within supercomputing centers will allow researchers to truly take advantage of on-site computing, maintenance and integration.

At the same time, the cooperation with the Pawsey Supercomputing Research Center is also to establish an initial A hybrid environment to accelerate the pairing of quantum and classical systems that can diagnose bottlenecks and make possible improvements to quantum-classical integration.

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Mark Stickells, executive director of Pawsey, said integrating quantum accelerators into HPC architecture will help its 4,000 Researchers are learning more about how the two systems can work together. This will provide a testbed that can demonstrate practical applications, so our researchers can work more efficiently – advancing quantum science and accelerating future research. "This is a key step towards the future of hybrid computing."

Spending more than 100 million: Singapore will build the first quantum computer

May 31, At the Asia Tech x Singapore event in Singapore, Deputy Prime Minister, Coordinating Minister for Economic Policy and Chairman of the National Research Foundation Heng Swee Keat announced the official launch of the Quantum Engineering Program (QEP). Singapore will unite three national platforms to develop capabilities in quantum computing, quantum secure communications and quantum device manufacturing.

According to Singapore’s Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2020 Plan, the plan invests S$23.5 million (approximately 114 million yuan) in these three platforms for a maximum period of 3.5 years. These platforms will receive further support from across the research community.

These three national quantum platforms are organized by the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Nanyang Technological University of Singapore. Hosted by the University (NTU Singapore), Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and Singapore National Supercomputing Center (NSCC), respectively:

• National Quantum Computing Center—Develop quantum computing capabilities and explore applications through industry collaboration;
• National Quantum Fabless—Support quantum equipment and Microfabrication of enabling technologies;
• National Quantum Security Network – A nationwide trial of quantum secure communications technology designed to enhance the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure.

National Quantum Computing Center (NQCH) NQCH will bring together expertise and resources from the Center for Quantum Technologies (CQT) teams at the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University, A*STAR’s Institute for High Performance Computing (IHPC) and the National Supercomputing Center (NSCC) in Singapore , building a quantum computing ecosystem in Singapore.

National Quantum Fabless Fab (NQFF) National Quantum Fabless Fabric (NQFF) located at A*STAR is a materials research and The Institute of Engineering Research (IMRE) will support micro- and nanofabrication of quantum devices within QEP's three pillars of quantum computing, communications and sensing.

It will also develop enabling devices related to Singapore’s strategic needs in the quantum technology ecosystem.

National Quantum Security Network (NQSN) Announced in February 2022, the NQSN will conduct nationwide trials of quantum secure communication technology , providing strong cybersecurity for critical infrastructure and companies handling sensitive data. The initiative is led by CQT as well as the National University of Singapore and Nanyang Technological University, with more than 15 private and government collaborators.

In this regard, Professor José Ignacio Latorre, director of CQT at the National University of Singapore and chief researcher of NQCH, commented Said: "Quantum computing is coming. The question is not 'when', but 'who will be ready to use this technology'."

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