How does golang store data? A brief analysis of two data storage methods

Golang is a very popular back-end language in today’s software development world. For those who are new to Golang, the way data is stored may be a tricky issue. This article will introduce the data storage method in Golang.

Introduction

Golang uses two main methods for data storage: database and file system. In this article, we will discuss two storage methods used in Golang mainly for database and file system.

Database Storage

In software development, it is very common to use databases for data storage. Golang also provides some common database storage methods, as described below:

SQL database

SQL database is a common database storage method, which can use database/ in the Golang standard library sql package to connect and operate. When using the database connection created by the database/sql package, you need to specify the database driver to use. Some popular SQL database drivers in Golang include:

• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• SQLite
• Oracle

The following is a simple example of using the database/sql package to connect to a MySQL database:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@/dbname")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    defer db.Close()

    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    for rows.Next() {
        var name string
        var email string
        err = rows.Scan(&name, &email)
        if err != nil {
            panic(err.Error())
        }
        fmt.Println(name, email)
    }
}

NoSQL database

NoSQL database is also a common database storage method, which is more suitable for non-structured storage of data. In Golang, the NoSQL database storage method used is usually MongoDB. The Golang driver for MongoDB is mgo. You can check how to use the Golang driver through the library's documentation.

File system storage

In addition to using the database to store data, Golang can also store data in the file system. Here are some ways to use the file system to store data in Golang:

File Storage

A simple way to save data is to store them in files. In Golang, file operations can be completed through the functions provided in the os package. Here is a simple example showing how to write data to a file:

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {
    data := []byte("hello world\n")

    err := ioutil.WriteFile("file.txt", data, 0644)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    contents, err := ioutil.ReadFile("file.txt")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    fmt.Println(string(contents))
}

JSON Storage

Storing data in JSON format is also a popular storage method. In Golang, you can easily encode data to JSON or decode data back from JSON using the encoding/json package.

The following is a simple example showing how to encode a Person structure into JSON and then write it to a file:

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
)

type Person struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`
    Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func main() {
    p := Person{Name: "John Doe", Age: 42}

    jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(p)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    err = ioutil.WriteFile("person.json", jsonBytes, 0644)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    fileContents, err := ioutil.ReadFile("person.json")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    var decodedPerson Person
    err = json.Unmarshal(fileContents, &decodedPerson)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old\n", decodedPerson.Name, decodedPerson.Age)
}

Conclusion

In this article, we The two main methods of data storage in Golang are discussed: database and file system. If you want to use a database to store data in Golang, you can use a traditional SQL database or a NoSQL database. And if you want to store data in the file system, you can use the file storage method provided in Golang, or encode the data into JSON format and store it in a file. Of course, here are just a few commonly used data storage methods in Golang. In actual development, you may use more other data storage methods.

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